Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Widerströmskahuset, plan 10, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2018 Sep 13;10(9):1297. doi: 10.3390/nu10091297.
The joint effect of diet and leisure activity on cognitive function remains unknown. We aimed to verify the hypothesis that an active lifestyle reinforces the effect of the Nordic Prudent Dietary Pattern (NPDP) on cognitive function. A total of 2223 dementia-free Swedish adults aged ≥60 with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores ≥27 were followed for an average of 6 years. MMSE was tested during follow-ups. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. The NPDP index was calculated and tertiled (low, moderate, and high adherence). Participation in physical, mental and social activities was trichotomised (low, moderate, and intense). An active lifestyle was defined based on the participation in each activity. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Moderate-to-high adherence to NPDP was associated with a reduced decline in the MMSE score (β: 0.19, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.14⁻0.24). This association became stronger when combined with moderate-to-intense physical (β: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.2⁻0.45), mental (β: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21⁻0.37), or social (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.19⁻0.34) activities. An active lifestyle strengthened the effect of NPDP on cognitive function by two times, and further lowered risk of MMSE decline by 30%. Thus, an active lifestyle reinforces the effect of a healthy diet on preserved cognitive function, and further decreases the risk of cognitive decline.
饮食和休闲活动对认知功能的联合影响尚不清楚。我们旨在验证以下假设，即积极的生活方式可以增强北欧合理饮食模式（NPDP）对认知功能的影响。共有 2223 名无痴呆症的瑞典成年人（年龄≥60 岁，MMSE 评分≥27）参与了这项研究，平均随访时间为 6 年。在随访期间进行了 MMSE 测试。通过食物频率问卷评估饮食。计算 NPDP 指数并进行三分位（低、中、高依从性）。身体、心理和社会活动的参与程度分为三部分（低、中、高）。积极的生活方式是根据参与每种活动来定义的。使用混合效应模型分析数据。中高度依从 NPDP 与 MMSE 评分下降幅度降低相关（β：0.19，95%置信区间（CI）：0.14⁻0.24）。当与中高强度的身体（β：0.34，95%CI：0.2⁻0.45）、心理（β：0.29，95%CI：0.21⁻0.37）或社会（β：0.27，95%CI：0.19⁻0.34）活动相结合时，这种相关性更强。积极的生活方式使 NPDP 对认知功能的影响增强了两倍，并使 MMSE 下降的风险进一步降低了 30%。因此，积极的生活方式增强了健康饮食对认知功能的保护作用，并进一步降低了认知能力下降的风险。
