van Os E C C Carla, Zijlstra A E Elianne, Knorth E J Erik, Post W J Wendy, Kalverboer M E Margrite
Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2020 Apr;21(2):242-260. doi: 10.1177/1524838018757748. Epub 2018 Feb 20.
The systematic review presented in this article aims to reveal what supports and hampers refugee children in telling their, often traumatic, life stories. This is important to ensure that migration decisions are based on reliable information about the children's needs for protection. A systematic review was conducted in academic journals, collecting all available scientific knowledge about the disclosure of life stories by refugee minors in the context of social work, guardianship, foster care, asylum procedures, mental health assessment, and therapeutic settings. The resulting 39 studies were thoroughly reviewed with reference to what factors aided or hampered the refugee children's disclosure of their life stories. The main barriers to disclosure were feelings of mistrust and self-protection from the side of the child and disrespect from the side of the host community. The facilitators for disclosing life stories were a positive and respectful attitude of the interviewer, taking time to build trust, using nonverbal methods, providing agency to the children, and involving trained interpreters. Social workers, mentors, and guardians should have time to build trust and to help a young refugee in revealing the life story before the minor is heard by the migration authorities. The lack of knowledge on how refugee children can be helped to disclose their experiences is a great concern because the decision in the migration procedure is based on the story the child is able to disclose.
本文所呈现的系统综述旨在揭示在难民儿童讲述其往往充满创伤的生活故事时，哪些因素起到了支持作用，哪些因素构成了阻碍。这对于确保移民决策基于有关儿童保护需求的可靠信息非常重要。我们在学术期刊中进行了一项系统综述，收集了在社会工作、监护、寄养、庇护程序、心理健康评估和治疗环境等背景下，关于难民未成年人生活故事披露的所有现有科学知识。我们根据哪些因素有助于或阻碍难民儿童披露其生活故事，对最终得到的39项研究进行了全面审查。披露的主要障碍包括儿童方面的不信任感和自我保护意识，以及东道社区方面的不尊重。披露生活故事的促进因素包括访谈者积极且尊重的态度、花时间建立信任、使用非语言方法、给予儿童自主权以及引入训练有素的口译员。社会工作者、导师和监护人应该有时间建立信任，并在移民当局听取未成年人陈述之前，帮助年轻难民披露其生活故事。由于移民程序中的决策基于儿童能够披露的故事，因此对于如何帮助难民儿童披露其经历缺乏了解是一个令人极为担忧的问题。
