Clinical Epidemiology Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
Epidemiology and Social Sciences in Health Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico.
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 21;13(2):e0193238. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193238. eCollection 2018.
The aim of this study was to analyze the factors enabling/limiting the use of improved cookstoves among rural fuel wood users from one mestizo and two indigenous communities eight years after an intervention in the state of Michoacan, in Mexico.
A qualitative study with an ethnographic perspective was conducted in 2013/2014 based on 62 interviews with women who had participated in an improved firewood cookstove program in 2005. Thematic qualitative content analysis was performed.
Very few women from the indigenous communities were using the improved cookstove at the time of the study; the majority had dismantled or had ceased using it; whereas most of those from the mestizo community were using it for all of their cooking activities. In the indigenous communities, characterized by extended families, uptake of new technology was limited by traditional routine practices, rearrangement of rooms in the house, attachment to the traditional stove, a low- or non-risk perception of woodsmoke; gender relations, insufficient training, non-compliance with program recommendations and design-related aspects. Conversely, in the mestizo community, the uptake of the improved cookstove was favored by routine cooking practices in a nuclear family, a previous use of a raised cookstove and social representations on the health-disease-death effects of woodsmoke vs. the health benefits of cooking with improved stoves. The sociocultural dimension of communities and the cookstove design are aspects that either favor or limit the use of improved cookstoves in indigenous and mestizo populations.
Effective cookstove programs must take these elements into account from their early planning stages, and blend them into implementation and follow-up. Project communication, training and differentiated follow-up activities ensuring the operation and maintenance of the cookstove, should be designed according to the specific needs and traditions of each community; they should be based on the preferences and needs of the users.
本研究旨在分析 8 年前在墨西哥米却肯州开展干预措施后，农村薪柴使用者采用改良柴火炉的促进因素和限制因素，研究对象为一个梅斯蒂索社区和两个印第安社区的使用者。
2013-2014 年，采用人种学视角进行了一项定性研究，共对 62 名 2005 年参加过改良薪柴炉灶项目的女性进行了访谈。采用主题式定性内容分析法进行分析。
在研究时，只有极少数印第安社区的女性在使用改良柴火炉；大多数已经将其拆除或不再使用；而梅斯蒂索社区的大多数女性则将其用于所有烹饪活动。在以大家庭为特征的印第安社区中，由于传统的日常习惯、房屋内房间布局的调整、对传统炉灶的依恋、对柴烟低风险或无风险的认知、性别关系、培训不足、不遵守项目建议和设计相关方面等因素，新技术的采用受到限制。相反，在梅斯蒂索社区中，由于核心家庭的日常烹饪习惯、之前使用过升高的炉灶以及对柴烟的健康-疾病-死亡影响与改良炉灶烹饪健康益处的社会观念，改良柴火炉的采用得到了促进。社区的社会文化维度和炉灶设计是影响印第安和梅斯蒂索人群采用改良柴火炉的促进或限制因素。
有效的炉灶项目必须从早期规划阶段就考虑到这些因素，并将其融入实施和后续阶段。项目宣传、培训和差异化的后续活动应根据每个社区的具体需求和传统，确保炉灶的运行和维护；这些活动应基于用户的偏好和需求。
