Ruiz-Mercado Ilse, Canuz Eduardo, Walker Joan L, Smith Kirk R
Civil Systems, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 760 Davis Hall, Berkeley CA 94720-1710, USA ; Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA.
Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle, Guatemala City, 01901, Guatemala.
Biomass Bioenergy. 2013 Oct 1;57:136-148. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.07.002.
The sustained use of cookstoves that are introduced to reduce fuel use or air pollution needs to be objectively monitored to verify the sustainability of these benefits. Quantifying stove adoption requires affordable tools, scalable methods and validated metrics of usage. We quantified the longitudinal patterns of chimney-stove use of 80 households in rural Guatemala, monitored with Stove Use Monitors (SUMs) during 32 months. We counted daily meals and days in use at each monitoring period and defined metrics like the percent stove-days in use (the fraction of days in use from all stoves and days monitored). Using robust Poisson regressions we detected small seasonal variations in stove usage, with peaks in the warm-dry season at 92% stove-days (95%CI: 87%,97%) and 2.56 average daily meals (95%CI: 2.40,2.74). With respect to these values, the percent stove-days in use decreased by 3% and 4% during the warm-rainy and cold-dry periods respectively, and the daily meals by 5% and 12% respectively. Cookstove age and household size at baseline did not affect usage. Qualitative indicators of use from recall questionnaires were consistent with SUMs measurements, indicating stable sustained use and questionnaire accuracy. These results reflect optimum conditions for cookstove adoption and for monitoring in this project, which may not occur in disseminations undertaken elsewhere. The SUMs measurements suggests that 90% stove-days is a more realistic best-case for sustained use than the 100% often assumed. Half of sample reported continued use of open-cookfires, highlighting the critical need to verify reduction of open-fire practices in stove disseminations.
为减少燃料使用或空气污染而引入的炉灶，其持续使用情况需要进行客观监测，以核实这些益处的可持续性。量化炉灶采用情况需要价格合理的工具、可扩展的方法以及经过验证的使用指标。我们对危地马拉农村地区80户家庭使用烟囱炉灶的纵向模式进行了量化，在32个月的时间里使用炉灶使用监测器（SUMs）进行监测。我们统计了每个监测期的每日用餐次数和使用天数，并定义了诸如炉灶使用天数百分比（使用天数占所有炉灶和监测天数的比例）等指标。通过稳健的泊松回归，我们检测到炉灶使用存在微小的季节性变化，在温暖干燥季节达到峰值，炉灶使用天数百分比为92%（95%置信区间：87%，97%），平均每日用餐次数为2.56次（95%置信区间：2.40，2.74）。相对于这些数值，在温暖多雨和寒冷干燥时期，炉灶使用天数百分比分别下降了3%和4%，每日用餐次数分别下降了5%和12%。基线时的炉灶使用年限和家庭规模并未影响使用情况。回忆调查问卷中的使用定性指标与SUMs测量结果一致，表明使用情况稳定且调查问卷准确。这些结果反映了本项目中炉灶采用和监测的最佳条件，而在其他地方进行的推广中可能不会出现这种情况。SUMs测量结果表明，对于持续使用而言，90%的炉灶使用天数比通常假设的100%更为现实的最佳情况。一半的样本报告仍在继续使用明火烹饪，这凸显了在炉灶推广中核实减少明火使用情况的迫切需求。
