Move functional, Salzburg, Austria.
Department of Movement and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 23;13(2):e0193540. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193540. eCollection 2018.
The influence of the jaw position on postural control, body posture, walking and running pattern has been reported in the literature. All these movements have in common that a relatively small, but well controlled muscle activation is required. The induced effects on motor output through changed jaw positions have been small. Therefore, it has been questioned if it could still be observed in maximal muscle activation.
Twenty-three healthy, mid age recreational runners (mean age = 34.0 ± 10.3 years) participated in this study. Three different jump tests (squat jump, counter movement jump, and drop jumps from four different heights) and three maximal strength tests (trunk flexion and extension, leg press of the right and left leg) were conducted. Four different dental occlusion conditions and an additional familiarization condition were tested. Subjects performed the tests on different days for which the four occlusion conditions were randomly changed.
No familiarization effect was found. Occlusion conditions with a relaxation position and with a myocentric condylar position showed significantly higher values for several tests compared to the neutral condition and the maximal occlusion position. Significance was found in the squat jump, countermovement jump, the drop jump from 32cm and 40cm, trunk extension, leg press force and rate of force development. The effect due to the splint conditions is an improvement between 3% and 12% (min and max). No influence of the jaw position on symmetry or balance between extension and flexion muscle was found.
An influence of occlusion splints on rate of force development (RFD) and maximal strength tests could be confirmed. A small, but consistent increase in the performance parameters could be measured. The influence of the occlusion condition is most likely small compared to other influences as for example training status, age, gender and circadian rhythm.
文献报道了下颌位置对姿势控制、身体姿势、行走和跑步模式的影响。所有这些运动的共同点是需要相对较小但控制良好的肌肉激活。通过改变下颌位置对运动输出的诱导效应很小。因此，人们质疑在最大肌肉激活时是否还能观察到这种效应。
23 名健康、中年的业余跑步者（平均年龄=34.0±10.3 岁）参加了这项研究。进行了三种不同的跳跃测试（深蹲跳、反向跳跃和从四个不同高度的跳下跳）和三种最大力量测试（躯干屈伸、右腿和左腿的腿推）。测试了四种不同的牙合接触条件和一种额外的熟悉条件。受试者在不同的日子进行测试，其中四种咬合条件随机改变。
未发现熟悉效应。与中性条件和最大咬合位置相比，放松位置和肌心型髁突位置的咬合条件在几项测试中显示出更高的值。在深蹲跳、反向跳跃、32cm 和 40cm 的跳下跳、躯干伸展、腿推力量和力量发展率方面有显著差异。夹板条件的影响在 3%到 12%之间（最小和最大）。未发现下颌位置对屈伸肌肉的对称性或平衡有影响。
可以证实咬合夹板对力量发展率（RFD）和最大力量测试的影响。可以测量到性能参数的小但一致的增加。与其他影响（例如训练状态、年龄、性别和昼夜节律）相比，咬合条件的影响可能很小。
