Macdiarmid Jennie I, Clark Heather, Whybrow Stephen, de Ruiter Henri, McNeill Geraldine
The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 28;13(2):e0192649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192649. eCollection 2018.
Nutrition security describes the adequacy of the food supply to meet not only energy but also macronutrient and micronutrient requirements for the population. The aim of this study was to develop a method to assess trends in national nutrition security and the contribution of imports to nutrition security, using the UK as a case study. Food supply data from FAO food balance sheets and national food composition tables were used to estimate the nutrient content of domestically produced food, imported food and exported food. Nutrition security was defined as the total nutrient supply (domestic production, minus exports, plus imports) to meet population-level nutrient requirements. The results showed that the UK was nutrition secure over the period 1961-2011 for energy, macronutrients and key micronutrients, with the exception of total carbohydrates and fibre, which may be due to the loss of fibre incurred by processing cereals into refined products. The supply of protein exceeded population requirements and could be met with domestic production alone. Even excluding all meat there was sufficient protein for population requirements. The supply of total fat, saturated fat and sugar considerably exceeded the current dietary recommendation. As regards nutrition security in 2010, the UK was reliant on imported foods to meet energy, fibre, total carbohydrate, iron, zinc and vitamin A requirements. This analysis demonstrates the importance of including nutrients other than energy to determine the adequacy of the food supply. The methodology also provides an alternative perspective on food security and self-sufficiency by assessing the dependency on imports to meet population level nutritional requirements.
营养安全描述的是食物供应不仅要满足人口的能量需求，还要满足其宏量营养素和微量营养素需求的充足程度。本研究的目的是开发一种方法，以英国为案例研究，评估国家营养安全的趋势以及进口对营养安全的贡献。利用联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）食物平衡表和国家食物成分表中的食物供应数据，来估算国产食物、进口食物和出口食物的营养成分。营养安全被定义为满足人口水平营养需求的总营养供应量（国内产量减去出口量加上进口量）。结果显示，在1961年至2011年期间，英国在能量、宏量营养素和关键微量营养素方面营养安全，但总碳水化合物和纤维除外，这可能是由于将谷物加工成精制产品导致纤维流失。蛋白质供应量超过了人口需求，仅国内生产就能满足。即使排除所有肉类，也有足够的蛋白质满足人口需求。总脂肪、饱和脂肪和糖的供应量大大超过了当前的饮食建议。关于2010年的营养安全，英国依赖进口食品来满足能量以及纤维、总碳水化合物、铁、锌和维生素A的需求。该分析表明，在确定食物供应充足程度时纳入能量以外的营养素非常重要。该方法还通过评估对进口的依赖程度以满足人口水平的营养需求，为粮食安全和自给自足提供了另一种视角。
