A synopsis of the saddle fungi (: ) in Europe - species delimitation, taxonomy and typification.

is a widespread, speciose genus of large apothecial ascomycetes (: ) that are found in terrestrial biomes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This study represents a beginning on assessing species limits and applying correct names for species based on type material and specimens in the university herbaria (fungaria) of Copenhagen (C), Harvard (FH) and Oslo (O). We use morphology and phylogenetic evidence from four loci - heat shock protein 90 (), translation elongation factor alpha (), RNA polymerase II () and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) - to assess species boundaries in an expanded sample of specimens from Europe. We combine the morphological and phylogenetic information from 55 species from Europe with a small sample of species from other regions of the world. Little intraspecific variation was detected within the species using these molecular markers; and markers provided useful barcodes for species delimitation in this genus, while LSU provided more variable resolution among the pertinent species. We discuss typification issues and identify molecular characteristics for 55 European species, designate neo- and epitypes for 30 species, and describe seven species new to science, i.e., , , , , , and .