Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018 Apr;26(4):689-695. doi: 10.1002/oby.22124. Epub 2018 Mar 4.
To determine how macronutrients accompanying foods with high energy density (EnDen) affect energy intake and weight gain.
A total of 214 subjects (130 males, BMI: 32 ± 7 kg/m ) ate ad libitum for 3 days. Food intake was expressed as the mean daily intake (in kilocalories) and the percentage of weight-maintaining energy needs (%WMEN). EnDen was expressed as the ratio of intake (in kilocalories) to food weight (in grams). Food choices were expressed as absolute and percent intake (kilocalories), categorized as high in fat (HF; ≥ 45% kcal) or low in fat (LF; < 20% kcal), and further categorized as high in complex carbohydrates (≥ 30% kcal), high in simple sugars (HSS; ≥ 30% kcal), or high in protein (HP; ≥ 13% kcal). Follow-up weights were available from 99 subjects (65 males, range: 6 months to 11 years).
EnDen was associated with BMI (r = 0.28, P < 0.0001), percent body fat (r = 0.18, P = 0.007), and percent intake from HF/HP (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001), HF/HSS (r = 0.31, P < 0.0001), LF/HP (r = -0.37, P < 0.0001) and LF/HSS (r = -0.68, P < 0.0001). The %WMEN was associated with EnDen (r = 0.16, P = 0.01), HF/HSS (r = 0.33, P < 0.0001), and LF/HP intake (r = -0.25, P = 0.0002). In a multivariate model, only HF/HSS intake remained a significant predictor of %WMEN (β = 1.4% per 1% change, P < 0.0001). The percent intake from HF/HSS (r = 0.23, P = 0.02), not EnDen (P = 0.54), was associated with weight gain, even after adjusting for follow-up time (in years) and covariates.
Relatively greater consumption of HF/HSS foods independently predicted overeating and weight gain. Nutrient compositions of high-EnDen foods may be important for weight management.
确定伴随高能量密度（EnDen）食物的宏量营养素如何影响能量摄入和体重增加。
共有 214 名受试者（130 名男性，BMI：32±7kg/m ）自由进食 3 天。食物摄入量表示为平均每日摄入量（以千卡计）和维持体重所需能量的百分比（%WMEN）。EnDen 表示为摄入量（以千卡计）与食物重量（以克计）的比值。食物选择以绝对和百分比摄入量（千卡）表示，分为高脂肪（HF；≥45%千卡）或低脂肪（LF；<20%千卡），并进一步分为高复合碳水化合物（≥30%千卡）、高简单糖（HSS；≥30%千卡）或高蛋白（HP；≥13%千卡）。99 名受试者（65 名男性，随访时间为 6 个月至 11 年）可获得随访体重。
EnDen 与 BMI（r=0.28，P<0.0001）、体脂肪百分比（r=0.18，P=0.007）和 HF/HP（r=0.34，P<0.0001）、HF/HSS（r=0.31，P<0.0001）、LF/HP（r=0.37，P<0.0001）和 LF/HSS（r=0.68，P<0.0001）的摄入百分比呈正相关。%WMEN 与 EnDen（r=0.16，P=0.01）、HF/HSS（r=0.33，P<0.0001）和 LF/HP 摄入（r=-0.25，P=0.0002）呈正相关。在多元模型中，只有 HF/HSS 摄入仍然是 %WMEN 的显著预测因素（β=1.4%/1%变化，P<0.0001）。HF/HSS 摄入的百分比（r=0.23，P=0.02），而不是 EnDen（P=0.54）与体重增加相关，即使在调整随访时间（年）和协变量后也是如此。
相对较多地食用 HF/HSS 食物可独立预测暴饮暴食和体重增加。高 EnDen 食物的营养成分可能对体重管理很重要。
