Liebich Tessa, Lack Leon, Hansen Kristy, Zajamšek Branko, Lovato Nicole, Catcheside Peter, Micic Gorica
Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Flinders Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
J Sleep Res. 2021 Aug;30(4):e13228. doi: 10.1111/jsr.13228. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Little is known about the potential impacts of wind turbine noise (WTN) on sleep. Previous research is limited to cross-sectional studies reporting anecdotal impacts on sleep using inconsistent sleep metrics. This meta-analysis sought to comprehensively review studies evaluating the impact of WTN using widely accepted and validated objective and subjective sleep assessments. Search terms included: "wind farm noise", "wind turbine noise", "wind turbine sound", "wind turbine noise exposure" AND "sleep". Only original articles published in English published after the year 2000 and reporting sleep outcomes in the presence of WTN using polysomnography, actigraphy or psychometrically validated sleep questionnaires were included. Uniform outcomes of the retrieved studies were meta-analysed to examine WTN effects on objective and subjective sleep outcomes. Nine studies were eligible for review and five studies were meta-analysed. Meta-analyses (Hedges' g; 95% confidence interval [CI]) revealed no significant differences in objective sleep onset latency (0.03, 95% CI -0.34 to 0.41), total sleep time (-0.05, 95% CI -0.77 to 0.67), sleep efficiency (-0.25, 95% CI -0.71 to 0.22) or wake after sleep onset (1.25, 95% CI -2.00 to 4.50) in the presence versus absence of WTN (all p > .05). Subjective sleep estimates were not meta-analysed because measurement outcomes were not sufficiently uniform for comparisons between studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that WTN does not significantly impact key indicators of objective sleep. Cautious interpretation remains warranted given variable measurement methodologies, WTN interventions, limited sample sizes, and cross-sectional study designs, where cause-and-effect relationships are uncertain. Well-controlled experimental studies using ecologically valid WTN, objective and psychometrically validated sleep assessments are needed to provide conclusive evidence regarding WTN impacts on sleep.
关于风力涡轮机噪声（WTN）对睡眠的潜在影响，人们了解甚少。先前的研究仅限于横断面研究，这些研究使用不一致的睡眠指标报告了对睡眠的传闻性影响。这项荟萃分析旨在全面回顾使用广泛接受和验证的客观和主观睡眠评估来评估WTN影响的研究。搜索词包括：“风电场噪声”、“风力涡轮机噪声”、“风力涡轮机声音”、“风力涡轮机噪声暴露”以及“睡眠”。仅纳入2000年后发表的英文原创文章，这些文章使用多导睡眠图、活动记录仪或经过心理测量验证的睡眠问卷报告了存在WTN时的睡眠结果。对检索到的研究的统一结果进行荟萃分析，以检查WTN对客观和主观睡眠结果的影响。九项研究符合综述条件，五项研究进行了荟萃分析。荟萃分析（Hedges' g；95%置信区间[CI]）显示，在存在与不存在WTN的情况下，客观睡眠开始潜伏期（0.03，95% CI -0.34至0.41）、总睡眠时间（-0.05，95% CI -0.77至0.67）、睡眠效率（-0.25，95% CI -0.71至0.22）或睡眠开始后觉醒（1.25，95% CI -2.00至4.50）均无显著差异（所有p>0.05）。由于测量结果在各研究之间的比较中不够统一，因此未对主观睡眠估计值进行荟萃分析。这项系统综述和荟萃分析表明，WTN不会显著影响客观睡眠的关键指标。鉴于测量方法、WTN干预措施、样本量有限以及横断面研究设计存在差异，因果关系尚不确定，因此仍需谨慎解读。需要进行使用生态有效WTN、客观和经过心理测量验证的睡眠评估的严格对照实验研究，以提供关于WTN对睡眠影响的确凿证据。
