Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2017 Jun 21;2(4):230-243. doi: 10.1136/svn-2017-000101. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Artificial intelligence (AI) aims to mimic human cognitive functions. It is bringing a paradigm shift to healthcare, powered by increasing availability of healthcare data and rapid progress of analytics techniques. We survey the current status of AI applications in healthcare and discuss its future. AI can be applied to various types of healthcare data (structured and unstructured). Popular AI techniques include machine learning methods for structured data, such as the classical support vector machine and neural network, and the modern deep learning, as well as natural language processing for unstructured data. Major disease areas that use AI tools include cancer, neurology and cardiology. We then review in more details the AI applications in stroke, in the three major areas of early detection and diagnosis, treatment, as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation. We conclude with discussion about pioneer AI systems, such as IBM Watson, and hurdles for real-life deployment of AI.
人工智能（AI）旨在模拟人类认知功能。它正在借助医疗数据的日益普及和分析技术的快速进步，带来医疗保健领域的范式转变。我们调查了 AI 在医疗保健中的应用现状，并讨论了其未来发展。AI 可以应用于各种类型的医疗保健数据（结构化和非结构化）。流行的 AI 技术包括用于结构化数据的机器学习方法，例如经典的支持向量机和神经网络，以及现代的深度学习，以及用于非结构化数据的自然语言处理。使用 AI 工具的主要疾病领域包括癌症、神经科和心脏病学。然后，我们更详细地回顾了 AI 在中风中的应用，包括早期检测和诊断、治疗以及预后评估和结果预测这三个主要领域。最后，我们讨论了先驱 AI 系统，如 IBM Watson，以及 AI 在现实生活中的部署所面临的障碍。
