Welsh Institute for Health and Social Care, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, UK
Health Planning Ltd, Sheffield, UK.
BMJ Mil Health. 2020 Apr;166(2):105-110. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000880. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
The development of the UK's military policy includes the potential for military organisations to deploy in support of humanitarian aid operations. This paper offers an overview of the risks to people's mental health of their exposure to emergencies, major incidents, disasters, terrorism, displacement, postconflict environments in which humanitarian aid is delivered, and deployments to conflict zones. It summarises the psychosocial approach recommended by many contemporary researchers and practitioners. It differentiates the extremely common experience of distress from the mental disorders that people who are affected may develop and introduces the construct of psychosocial resilience. The authors recognise the importance of trajectories of response in separating people who are distressed and require psychosocial care from those who require mental healthcare. Finally, this paper summarises a strategic approach to designing, planning and providing psychosocial and mental healthcare, provides a model of care and outlines the principles for early psychosocial interventions that do not require training in mental healthcare to deliver them.
英国军事政策的发展包括军事组织有潜力部署以支持人道主义援助行动。本文概述了人们在接触紧急情况、重大事件、灾害、恐怖主义、流离失所、提供人道主义援助的冲突后环境以及部署到冲突地区时，其心理健康面临的风险。它总结了许多当代研究人员和从业者推荐的社会心理方法。它区分了人们在经历痛苦时常见的困扰，以及受影响的人可能会患上的精神障碍，并引入了社会心理弹性的概念。作者认识到反应轨迹在区分需要社会心理关怀的人和需要精神健康护理的人方面的重要性。最后，本文总结了设计、规划和提供社会心理和精神保健的战略方法，提供了一种护理模式，并概述了早期社会心理干预的原则，这些干预不需要精神保健方面的培训即可实施。
