Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.
Analyst. 2018 Mar 26;143(7):1526-1543. doi: 10.1039/c8an00081f.
Graphene-based nanomaterials have been widely utilized to fabricate various biosensors for environmental monitoring, food safety, and biomedical diagnostics. The combination of aptamers with graphene for creating biofunctional nanocomposites improved the sensitivity and selectivity of fabricated biosensors due to the unique molecular recognition and biocompatibility of aptamers. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the design, fabrication, and biomedical sensing application of graphene-based aptasensors within the last five years (2013-current). The typical studies on the biomedical fluorescence, colorimetric, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, photoelectrochemical, electronic, and force-based sensing of DNA, proteins, enzymes, small molecules, ions, and others are demonstrated and discussed in detail. More attention is paid to a few key points such as the conjugation of aptamers with graphene materials, the fabrication strategies of sensor architectures, and the importance of aptamers on improving the sensing performances. It is expected that this work will provide preliminary and useful guidance for readers to understand the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and the corresponding sensing mechanisms in one way, and in another way will be helpful to develop novel high performance aptasensors for biological analysis and detection.
基于石墨烯的纳米材料已被广泛用于制造各种用于环境监测、食品安全和生物医学诊断的生物传感器。由于适配体独特的分子识别和生物相容性，将适配体与石墨烯结合制造生物功能纳米复合材料提高了所制造的生物传感器的灵敏度和选择性。在这篇综述中，我们强调了过去五年（2013 年至今）基于石墨烯的适配体传感器在设计、制造和生物医学传感应用方面的最新进展。详细展示和讨论了 DNA、蛋白质、酶、小分子、离子等的生物医学荧光、比色、电化学、电致化学发光、光电化学、电子和基于力的传感的典型研究。更多地关注了一些关键点，例如适配体与石墨烯材料的结合、传感器结构的制造策略以及适配体对提高传感性能的重要性。预计这项工作将为读者提供初步和有用的指导，一方面了解基于石墨烯的生物传感器的制造及其相应的传感机制，另一方面有助于开发用于生物分析和检测的新型高性能适配体传感器。
