Cummine Jacqueline, Aalto Daniel, Ostevik Amberley, Cheema Kulpreet, Hodgetts William
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, 2-70, 8205 114St Corbett Hall, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G4, Canada.
Institute for Reconstructive Science in Medicine, Edmonton, Canada.
J Psycholinguist Res. 2018 Oct;47(5):999-1014. doi: 10.1007/s10936-018-9572-9.
Reading is a complex process that includes the integration of information about letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes). In many circumstances, such as noisy environments, response inhibition is an additional factor that plays a marked role in successful oral reading. Response inhibition can take the form of task relevant inhibition (i.e., foils in a go/no-go task) and task irrelevant inhibition (i.e., distractor information). Here we investigated task relevant inhibition by having participants (N = 30) take part in two tasks: go/no-go naming with nonwords foils (GNG-NW) and go/no-go naming with pseudohomophones foils (GNG-PH). Also, we investigated the addition of task irrelevant inhibition by having participants (N = 28) take part in two tasks: GNG-NW + information masking and GNG-PH + information masking. We provide evidence that during a task relevant inhibition task, sub-word sound level information can be successfully inhibited, as evidenced by comparable response times for regular words and exception words, provided the foils do not contain familiar sound-based information (GNG-NW). In contrast, regular words were read aloud faster than exception words in a GNG-PH task, indicating that sub-word level interference occurs when the foils contain familiar sound-based information. The addition of task irrelevant inhibition (i.e., information masking at the phoneme level), served to increase response time overall, but did not impact the pattern of response times between regular words and exception words. Together these findings provide useful information regarding the role of response inhibition in word recognition and may be useful in computational models of word recognition and future work may benefit from accounting for the effects outlined in this paper.
阅读是一个复杂的过程，它包括字母（字素）和声音（音素）信息的整合。在许多情况下，比如嘈杂的环境中，反应抑制是成功进行朗读的一个额外的重要因素。反应抑制可以采取与任务相关的抑制形式（即，在“是/否”任务中的干扰项）和与任务无关的抑制形式（即，分心信息）。在这里，我们通过让参与者（N = 30）参与两项任务来研究与任务相关的抑制：使用非词干扰项的“是/否”命名任务（GNG-NW）和使用假同音字干扰项的“是/否”命名任务（GNG-PH）。此外，我们通过让参与者（N = 28）参与两项任务来研究增加与任务无关的抑制：GNG-NW + 信息掩蔽和GNG-PH + 信息掩蔽。我们提供的证据表明，在与任务相关的抑制任务中，亚词声音水平信息可以被成功抑制，这一点从常规词和例外词具有可比的反应时间得到证明，前提是干扰项不包含基于熟悉声音的信息（GNG-NW）。相比之下，在GNG-PH任务中，常规词的朗读速度比例外词快，这表明当干扰项包含基于熟悉声音的信息时，亚词水平的干扰就会出现。增加与任务无关的抑制（即，音素水平的信息掩蔽）总体上增加了反应时间，但并没有影响常规词和例外词之间的反应时间模式。这些发现共同提供了关于反应抑制在单词识别中的作用的有用信息，并且可能对单词识别的计算模型有用，未来的研究可能会受益于考虑本文所述的影响。
