Kent Sofie, Devonport Tracey J, Lane Andrew M, Nicholls Wendy, Friesen Andrew P
Institute of Sport, University of Wolverhampton, UK.
Wolverhampton Wanderers Football Club, UK.
J Sports Sci Med. 2018 Mar 1;17(1):40-55. eCollection 2018 Mar.
The ability to perform under pressure is necessary to achieve goals in various domains of life. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise findings from applied studies that focus on interventions developed to enhance an individual's ability to cope under performance pressure. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of five electronic databases was conducted. This yielded 66,618 records, of which 23 peer review papers met inclusion criteria of containing an intervention that targeted coping skills for performing under pressure. Using the Standard Quality Assessment for evaluation of primary research papers (Kmet et al., 2004) to assess quality, included studies performed well on reporting research objectives, research design, and statistical procedures. Sixteen studies showed poor quality in controlling for potentially confounding factors and small sample sizes. A narrative aggregate synthesis identified intervention studies that provided an educational focus ( = 9), consultancy sessions ( = 6), simulation training ( = 5) and emotion regulation strategies ( = 3). Findings highlight a need to; 1) establish a contextualized pressure task which will generate high levels of ecological validity for participants. Having established a suitable pressure task, 2) research should assess the effects of pressure by evaluating conscious and nonconscious effects and associated coping mechanisms, which should inform the subsequent development of interventions, and 3) assess interventions to enhance understanding of the ways in which they improve coping with pressure, or may fail, and the mechanisms which may explain these outcomes.
在生活的各个领域中，要实现目标就必须具备在压力下执行任务的能力。我们进行了一项系统综述，以综合应用研究的结果，这些研究聚焦于为提高个人在表现压力下的应对能力而开发的干预措施。按照系统综述和元分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，我们对五个电子数据库进行了全面搜索。这产生了66,618条记录，其中23篇同行评审论文符合纳入标准，即包含针对在压力下执行任务的应对技能的干预措施。使用用于评估初级研究论文的标准质量评估方法（Kmet等人，2004年）来评估质量，纳入的研究在报告研究目标、研究设计和统计程序方面表现良好。16项研究在控制潜在混杂因素和小样本量方面质量较差。一项叙述性综合分析确定了提供教育重点（= 9）、咨询会议（= 6）、模拟训练（= 5）和情绪调节策略（= 3）的干预研究。研究结果突出表明需要：1）建立一个情境化的压力任务，这将为参与者产生高水平的生态效度。在建立了合适的压力任务之后，2）研究应通过评估有意识和无意识的影响以及相关的应对机制来评估压力的影响，这应为后续干预措施的开发提供信息，并且3）评估干预措施，以增进对它们改善压力应对方式或可能失败的方式以及可能解释这些结果的机制的理解。
