Lockhead G R, King M C
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1983 Jun;9(3):461-73. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.9.3.461.
Subjects judge successive stimuli to be overly similar in psychophysical scaling tasks. This is called assimilation. They also tend to judge each stimulus as overly different from more previous events. This is called contrast. To examine a two-stage linear model of these sequence effects, we asked subjects to judge the relative intensity of successive tones. In support of the model, responses again depended lawfully on prior events. These memory effects occur in a variety of scaling tasks and are consistent with two assumptions: (a)Successive events assimilate in memory, and (b) subjects compare each stimulus to a collection of memories of prior events to generate a response. The trial-by-trial analysis used to test the model also showed that even in magnitude-estimation studies, equal stimulus ratios do not result in equal response ratios, except on average. This article suggests that examinations of trial-by-trial performance might be useful in studying memory and judgment processes.
在心理物理学标度任务中，受试者会判断连续的刺激过于相似。这被称为同化。他们还倾向于认为每个刺激与更多先前事件相比差异过大。这被称为对比。为了检验这些序列效应的两阶段线性模型，我们要求受试者判断连续音调的相对强度。作为对该模型的支持，反应再次合法地依赖于先前的事件。这些记忆效应出现在各种标度任务中，并且与两个假设一致：(a) 连续事件在记忆中会同化，以及 (b) 受试者将每个刺激与先前事件的记忆集合进行比较以产生反应。用于测试该模型的逐次试验分析还表明，即使在量值估计研究中，除了平均情况外，相等的刺激比率也不会导致相等的反应比率。本文表明，逐次试验表现的检验可能有助于研究记忆和判断过程。
