Department of Psychiatry,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center,Amsterdam,the Netherlands.
Psychol Med. 2019 Jan;49(1):149-161. doi: 10.1017/S0033291718000612. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
Which neighbourhood factors most consistently impact on depression and anxiety remains unclear. This study examines whether objectively obtained socioeconomic, physical and social aspects of the neighbourhood in which persons live are associated with the presence and severity of depressive and anxiety disorders.
Cross-sectional data are from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety including participants (n = 2980) with and without depressive and anxiety disorders in the past year (based on DSM-based psychiatric interviews). We also determined symptom severity of depression (Inventory of Depression Symptomatology), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and fear (Fear Questionnaire). Neighbourhood characteristics comprised socioeconomic factors (socioeconomic status, home value, number of social security beneficiaries and percentage of immigrants), physical factors (air pollution, traffic noise and availability of green space and water) and social factors (social cohesion and safety). Multilevel regression analyses were performed with the municipality as the second level while adjusting for individual sociodemographic variables and household income.
Not urbanization grade, but rather neighbourhood socioecononomic factors (low socioeconomic status, more social security beneficiaries and more immigrants), physical factors (high levels of traffic noise) and social factors (lower social cohesion and less safety) were associated with the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders. Most of these neighbourhood characteristics were also associated with increased depressive and anxiety symptoms severity.
These findings suggest that it is not population density in the neighbourhood, but rather the quality of socioeconomic, physical and social neighbourhood characteristics that is associated with the presence and severity of affective disorders.
哪些社区因素对抑郁和焦虑的影响最一致仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨个体居住的社区的客观获得的社会经济、物理和社会方面是否与抑郁和焦虑障碍的存在和严重程度相关。
横断面数据来自荷兰抑郁和焦虑研究，包括过去一年有和无抑郁和焦虑障碍的参与者（n=2980）（基于基于 DSM 的精神病学访谈）。我们还确定了抑郁症状的严重程度（抑郁症状清单）、焦虑（贝克焦虑量表）和恐惧（恐惧问卷）。社区特征包括社会经济因素（社会经济地位、房屋价值、社会保障受益人数量和移民百分比）、物理因素（空气污染、交通噪音以及绿色空间和水的可用性）和社会因素（社会凝聚力和安全性）。在调整个体社会人口统计学变量和家庭收入后，使用市作为第二水平进行多水平回归分析。
与城市化程度无关，而是社区的社会经济因素（社会经济地位低、社会保障受益人多和移民多）、物理因素（交通噪音水平高）和社会因素（社会凝聚力低和安全性差）与抑郁和焦虑障碍的存在相关。这些社区特征中的大多数也与抑郁和焦虑症状严重程度的增加有关。
这些发现表明，与情感障碍的存在和严重程度相关的不是社区的人口密度，而是社会经济、物理和社会社区特征的质量。
