Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
J Transl Med. 2018 Mar 20;16(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1432-8.
Early cancer diagnosis is one of the most important challenges of cancer research, since in many cancers it can lead to cure for patients with early stage diseases. For epithelial ovarian cancer (which is the leading cause of death among gynaecologic malignancies) the classical detection approach is based on measurements of CA-125 biomarker. However, the poor sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker impacts the detection of early-stage cancers.
Here we use a computational approach to investigate the effect of combining multiple biomarkers for ovarian cancer (e.g., CA-125 and IL-7), to improve early cancer detection.
We show that this combined biomarkers approach could lead indeed to earlier cancer detection. However, the immune response (which influences the level of secreted IL-7 biomarker) plays an important role in improving and/or delaying cancer detection. Moreover, the detection level of IL-7 immune biomarker could be in a range that would not allow to distinguish between a healthy state and a cancerous state. In this case, the construction of solution diagrams in the space generated by the IL-7 and CA-125 biomarkers could allow us predict the long-term evolution of cancer biomarkers, thus allowing us to make predictions on cancer detection times.
Combining cancer and immune biomarkers could improve cancer detection times, and any predictions that could be made (at least through the use of CA-125/IL-7 biomarkers) are patient specific.
早期癌症诊断是癌症研究的最重要挑战之一，因为在许多癌症中，早期诊断可以使患者得到治愈。对于上皮性卵巢癌（妇科恶性肿瘤中导致死亡的主要原因），经典的检测方法基于 CA-125 生物标志物的测量。然而，这种生物标志物的敏感性和特异性较差，影响了早期癌症的检测。
在这里，我们使用一种计算方法来研究组合多种卵巢癌生物标志物（例如 CA-125 和 IL-7）以改善早期癌症检测的效果。
我们表明，这种联合生物标志物的方法确实可以更早地检测到癌症。然而，免疫反应（影响分泌的 IL-7 生物标志物的水平）在改善和/或延迟癌症检测方面起着重要作用。此外，IL-7 免疫生物标志物的检测水平可能处于一个范围，无法将健康状态与癌症状态区分开来。在这种情况下，在由 IL-7 和 CA-125 生物标志物生成的空间中构建解图可以帮助我们预测癌症生物标志物的长期演变，从而使我们能够对癌症检测时间做出预测。
结合癌症和免疫生物标志物可以提高癌症检测时间，并且任何可以做出的预测（至少通过使用 CA-125/IL-7 生物标志物）都是针对特定患者的。
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