OmegaQuant, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St., Suite 8, Sioux Falls, SD, 57106, USA.
Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2018 Mar 20;20(5):22. doi: 10.1007/s11883-018-0722-1.
Fatty acid (FA) profiles in different blood compartments are reflections of both diet and metabolism, and some FA levels are related to disease risk.
Perhaps the most studied FA-disease relationship is between long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite null results from recent large omega-3 FA supplementation trials, new research continues to support past studies showing that blood levels of EPA + DHA are inversely related to risk for total mortality and fatal CVD events. But blood levels of other FAs may also be useful markers of risk for a variety of diseases. The essential omega-6 FA linoleic acid is inversely associated with risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas risk for T2D is directly related to biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis (palmitic and palmitoleic acids). Levels of industrially produced trans FAs have been linked to higher risk for CVD. Thus, blood levels of several individual FAs are emerging as modifiable biomarkers for risk of major chronic diseases.
不同血液成分中的脂肪酸（FA）谱反映了饮食和代谢两者的情况，某些 FA 水平与疾病风险相关。
长链 ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（EPA 和 DHA）与心血管疾病（CVD）之间的 FA-疾病关系或许是研究最多的。尽管最近大型 ω-3 FA 补充试验的结果为阴性，但新的研究继续支持过去的研究，表明 EPA+DHA 的血液水平与总死亡率和致命 CVD 事件的风险呈负相关。但是，其他 FA 的血液水平也可能是多种疾病风险的有用标志物。必需的 ω-6 FA 亚油酸与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发病风险呈负相关，而 T2D 的发病风险与从头合成（棕榈酸和棕榈油酸）的生物标志物直接相关。工业生产的反式 FA 的水平与 CVD 风险增加有关。因此，几种个体 FA 的血液水平正成为主要慢性疾病风险的可改变生物标志物。
