González-Mohíno Fernando, Martín Raúl, Santos-García Daniel Juárez, Fidel Pedro Angel, de Asis Fernandez Francisco, Yustres Inmaculada, González-Ravé José María
Sport Training Lab. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Department of Mathematics. University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
Int J Sports Med. 2018 Jun;39(6):426-432. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-102132. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity warm-ups (WUs) on performance, physiological, neuromuscular and biomechanical parameters. Three randomized cross-over 105%vVOmax time limit trials (TLimT) were performed by 11 well-trained runners following three different WU protocols. These included two experimental high-intensity variants and one control WU variant: (i) 9x20-sec level strides (105%vVOmax; 1% gradient) with 60 s of recovery (level); (ii) 6x6-sec uphill strides (105%vVOmax; 5% gradient), with the same recovery (uphill) and (iii) 7 min at 60%vVOmax as control condition (control). The uphill and level WUs resulted in a greater performance during TLimT (160.0±6.62 s and 152.64±10.88 s, respectively) compared to control WUs (144.82±6.60 s). All WU conditions reduced the energy cost (EC) of running, respiratory exchange ratio, and step frequency (SF) after the experimental and control phases of WU, while blood lactate (BLC) increased in uphill and level WUs and decreased in control WUs. Changes in kinematic variables were found without differences between WU conditions during TLimT. BLC rose at conclusion of TLimT without differences between WU conditions. Both high-intensity WUs show a longer TLimT. EC is deteriorated after the high-intensity WU exercise due to a change of substrate utilization, increase of BLC and SF. A long transient phase (18 min) is necessary to avoid impairing the performance.
本研究的目的是确定高强度热身（WU）对运动表现、生理、神经肌肉和生物力学参数的影响。11名训练有素的跑步者按照三种不同的WU方案进行了三项随机交叉105%vVO₂max限时试验（TLimT）。这些方案包括两种实验性高强度变体和一种对照WU变体：（i）9次20秒的水平跨步（105%vVO₂max；1%坡度），恢复60秒（水平）；（ii）6次6秒的上坡跨步（105%vVO₂max；5%坡度），恢复时间相同（上坡）；（iii）以60%vVO₂max持续7分钟作为对照条件（对照）。与对照WU（144.82±6.60秒）相比，上坡和水平WU在TLimT期间的运动表现更佳（分别为160.0±6.62秒和152.64±10.88秒）。所有WU条件在WU的实验和对照阶段后均降低了跑步的能量消耗（EC）、呼吸交换率和步频（SF），而上坡和水平WU中的血乳酸（BLC）增加，对照WU中的血乳酸减少。在TLimT期间，发现运动学变量有变化，但WU条件之间无差异。在TLimT结束时，BLC上升，WU条件之间无差异。两种高强度WU均显示出更长的TLimT。由于底物利用的变化、BLC和SF的增加，高强度WU运动后EC恶化。需要一个较长的过渡阶段（18分钟）以避免损害运动表现。
