Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018 Jul;39(7):1100-1109. doi: 10.1038/aps.2017.196. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Recent advancements in genome-wide analyses and RNA-sequencing technologies led to the discovery of small noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRs), as well as both linear long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular long noncoding RNAs (circRNAs). The importance of miRs and lncRNAs in the treatment, prognosis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively reported. We also previously reviewed their implications in therapies and as biomarkers for CVDs. More recently, circRNAs have also emerged as important regulators in CVDs. CircRNAs are circular genome products that are generated by back splicing of specific regions of pre-messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Growing interest in circRNAs led to the discovery of a wide array of their pathophysiological functions. CircRNAs have been shown to be key regulators of CVDs such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy and cardiac fibrosis. Accordingly, circRNAs have been recently proposed as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVDs. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature on circRNAs, starting with their biogenesis and global mechanisms of actions. We then provide a synopsis of their involvement in various CVDs. Lastly, we emphasize the great potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection of CVDs, and discuss several patents and recent papers that highlight the utilization of circRNAs as promising biomarkers.
最近在全基因组分析和 RNA 测序技术方面的进展，导致了小非编码 RNA（如 microRNAs，miRs）以及线性长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）和环形长非编码 RNA（circRNAs）的发现。miRs 和 lncRNAs 在心血管疾病（CVDs）的治疗、预后和诊断中的重要性已经得到了广泛的报道。我们之前还回顾了它们在 CVDs 治疗和生物标志物中的作用。最近，circRNAs 也作为 CVDs 的重要调节因子出现。circRNAs 是通过特定区域的前信使 RNA（pre-mRNAs）的反向剪接产生的环状基因组产物。对 circRNAs 的日益关注导致发现了其广泛的病理生理功能。circRNAs 已被证明是心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化、心肌病和心脏纤维化等 CVDs 的关键调节因子。因此，circRNAs 最近被提议作为 CVDs 的潜在治疗靶点和生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们从 circRNAs 的生物发生和全局作用机制开始，总结了目前关于 circRNAs 的文献状况。然后，我们概述了它们在各种 CVDs 中的参与情况。最后，我们强调了 circRNAs 作为 CVDs 早期检测的生物标志物的巨大潜力，并讨论了一些专利和最近的论文，这些论文强调了利用 circRNAs 作为有前途的生物标志物的潜力。
