Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Nat Commun. 2018 Mar 29;9(1):1291. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03686-y.
Information thermodynamics bridges information theory and statistical physics by connecting information content and entropy production through measurement and feedback control. Maxwell's demon is a hypothetical character that uses information about a system to reduce its entropy. Here we realize a Maxwell's demon acting on a superconducting quantum circuit. We implement quantum non-demolition projective measurement and feedback operation of a qubit and verify the generalized integral fluctuation theorem. We also evaluate the conversion efficiency from information gain to work in the feedback protocol. Our experiment constitutes a step toward experimental studies of quantum information thermodynamics in artificially made quantum machines.
信息热力学通过测量和反馈控制将信息内容和熵产生联系起来，从而连接信息论和统计物理学。麦克斯韦妖是一个假设的角色，它利用系统的信息来降低其熵。在这里，我们实现了一个作用于超导量子电路的麦克斯韦妖。我们实现了量子非破坏的投影测量和反馈操作，并验证了广义积分涨落定理。我们还评估了在反馈协议中信息增益到功的转换效率。我们的实验为在人工量子机器中进行量子信息热力学的实验研究迈出了一步。
