Bimler David, Uusküla Mari
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2018 Apr 1;35(4):B184-B191. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.35.00B184.
The cross-cultural nature of color categories and concepts is central to the Berlin-Kay tradition of color-language universalism. In an extension, we examine the cognitive organization of color concepts, the pattern of associations among them, where cross-cultural regularities may also exist. We focus here on individual variations in that pattern. Listing data provide a convenient probe of "associational space" and are amenable to factor analysis using a correlational index of between-list similarity. The rotated factors are "points-of-view": alternative prototypal ways of organizing the concepts and extremes of a spectrum of listing-sequence variation. Points-of-view proved to be comparable for three languages (Hungarian, Italian, Estonian) when visualized with multidimensional scaling. This allowed a similar interpretation of the spectrum of variation in each language, as individual differences in the weight of a conceptual distinction between chromatic and "achromatic" terms, supporting the case for cross-language convergence.
颜色类别和概念的跨文化性质是柏林-凯伊颜色语言普遍主义传统的核心。在此扩展研究中，我们考察颜色概念的认知组织、它们之间的关联模式，其中可能也存在跨文化规律。我们在此关注该模式中的个体差异。列举数据为“联想空间”提供了便利的探究方式，并且适合使用列表间相似性的相关指标进行因子分析。旋转后的因子是“视角”：组织概念的替代原型方式以及列举序列变化范围的极值。当用多维标度法可视化时，三种语言（匈牙利语、意大利语、爱沙尼亚语）的视角被证明具有可比性。这使得能够对每种语言的变化范围进行类似的解释，即作为色彩和“非色彩”术语之间概念区分权重的个体差异，支持了跨语言趋同的观点。
