Dual Effect of Curcumin/BMP-2 Loaded in HA/PLL Hydrogels on Osteogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo.

In the present study, we evaluated the potential of poly-l-lysine/hyaluronic acid (HA/PLL) hydrogels containing curcumin (CUR) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) as bone tissue regeneration scaffolds. Hydrogels HP-1˜2 were formed by amide bonds via the condensation reactions between 0.02 μmol HA and 0.06–0.12 μmol poly-l-lysine · hydrobromide (PLL · HBr). Physical, chemical, and thermal analyses revealed that the amount of PLL · HBr significantly influenced hydrogel properties. Based on an In Vitro MG-63 cell proliferation test, HP-1˜2 were cytocompatible, and all hydrogels containing different amounts of CUR and BMP-2, except for HA0.02/PLL0.06/CUR20/BMP-2100 (HPCB-4), resulted in cell proliferation above 80%. An In Vitro release test showed that CUR and BMP-2 were consistently released from HA0.02/PLL0.06/CUR15 (HPC), HA0.02/PLL0.06/BMP-2100 (HPB), HA0.02/PLL0.06/CUR15/BMP-210 , 50 , or 100 (HPCB-1˜3), and HA0.02/PLL0.06/CUR10 or 20/BMP-2100 (HPCB-4˜5) for 7 and 28 days, respectively. In Vitro ALP activity and calcium deposition and In Vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) tests demonstrated the potential application of HPCB-3 as bone tissue regeneration scaffolds, suggesting that bone tissue regeneration can be optimized by controlling the amounts of CUR and BMP-2.