U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
Pathog Dis. 2018 Mar 1;76(2). doi: 10.1093/femspd/fty018.
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has transformed our understanding of antimicrobial resistance, yielding new insights into the genetics underlying resistance. To date, most studies using WGS to study antimicrobial resistance have focused on gram-negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, which have well-defined resistance mechanisms. In contrast, relatively few studies have been performed on gram-positive organisms. We sequenced 197 strains of Enterococcus from various animal and food sources, including 100 Enterococcus faecium and 97 E. faecalis. From analyzing acquired resistance genes and known resistance-associated mutations, we found that resistance genotypes correlated with resistance phenotypes in 96.5% of cases for the 11 drugs investigated. Some resistances, such as those to tigecycline and daptomycin, could not be investigated due to a lack of knowledge of mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. This study showed the utility of WGS for predicting antimicrobial resistance based on genotype alone.
全基因组测序（WGS）改变了我们对抗菌药物耐药性的理解，为耐药性的遗传基础提供了新的见解。迄今为止，大多数使用 WGS 研究抗菌药物耐药性的研究都集中在肠杆菌科的革兰氏阴性菌，如沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌，它们具有明确的耐药机制。相比之下，对革兰氏阳性菌的研究相对较少。我们对来自不同动物和食物来源的 197 株肠球菌进行了测序，包括 100 株屎肠球菌和 97 株粪肠球菌。通过分析获得性耐药基因和已知的耐药相关突变，我们发现对于所研究的 11 种药物，在 96.5%的情况下，耐药基因型与耐药表型相关。由于缺乏对这些表型相关机制的了解，一些耐药性，如对替加环素和达托霉素的耐药性，无法进行研究。本研究表明，WGS 可用于仅根据基因型预测抗菌药物耐药性。
