1 Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195-7266, USA.
2 Department of Biostatistics and Office of Nursing Research, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, USA.
Benef Microbes. 2018 Apr 25;9(3):345-355. doi: 10.3920/BM2017.0059. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Previously we showed that urine trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) levels were higher in females with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to non-IBS females. To assess if TFF3 is associated with symptoms and/or reflect alterations in gastrointestinal permeability and gut microbiota in an IBS population, we correlated stool and urine TFF3 levels with IBS symptoms, intestinal permeability, stool microbial diversity and relative abundance of predominant bacterial families and genera. We also tested the relationship of stool TFF3 to urine TFF3, and compared results based on hormone contraception use. Samples were obtained from 93 females meeting Rome III IBS criteria and completing 4-week symptom diaries. TFF3 levels were measured by ELISA. Permeability was assessed with the urine lactulose/mannitol (L/M) ratio. Stool microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA. Stool TFF3, but not urine TFF3, was associated positively with diarrhoea and loose stool consistency. Higher stool TFF3 was also associated with lower L/M ratio and microbial diversity. Of the 20 most abundant bacterial families Mogibacteriaceae and Christensenellaceae were inversely related to stool TFF3, with only Christensenellaceae remaining significant after multiple comparison adjustment. There were no significant relationships between stool or urine TFF3 levels and other symptoms, nor between stool and urine levels. In premenopausal females, urine TFF3 levels were higher in those reporting hormone contraception. Collectively these results suggest that higher stool TFF3 levels are associated with IBS symptoms (loose/diarrhoeal stools), lower gut permeability, and altered stool bacteria composition (decreased diversity and decreased Christensenellaceae), which further suggests that TFF3 may be an important marker of host-bacteria interaction.
先前我们发现，肠三叶因子 3（TFF3）在肠易激综合征（IBS）女性中的水平高于非 IBS 女性。为了评估 TFF3 是否与 IBS 人群的症状相关，或者反映胃肠道通透性和肠道微生物群的改变，我们将粪便和尿液 TFF3 水平与 IBS 症状、肠道通透性、粪便微生物多样性以及主要细菌家族和属的相对丰度相关联。我们还测试了粪便 TFF3 与尿液 TFF3 的关系，并根据激素避孕的使用比较了结果。从符合罗马 III IBS 标准并完成 4 周症状日记的 93 名女性中获得样本。通过 ELISA 测量 TFF3 水平。通过尿乳果糖/甘露醇（L/M）比值评估通透性。使用 16S rRNA 评估粪便微生物群。粪便 TFF3，但不是尿液 TFF3，与腹泻和稀便稠度呈正相关。较高的粪便 TFF3 也与较低的 L/M 比值和微生物多样性相关。在 20 个最丰富的细菌家族中，Mogibacteriaceae 和 Christensenellaceae 与粪便 TFF3 呈负相关，经过多次比较调整后只有 Christensenellaceae 仍然显著。粪便或尿液 TFF3 水平与其他症状之间，以及粪便和尿液水平之间均无显著关系。在绝经前女性中，报告使用激素避孕的女性尿液 TFF3 水平较高。总的来说，这些结果表明，较高的粪便 TFF3 水平与 IBS 症状（稀便/腹泻）、较低的肠道通透性以及粪便细菌组成的改变（多样性降低和 Christensenellaceae 减少）相关，这进一步表明 TFF3 可能是宿主-细菌相互作用的重要标志物。
