正念减压和放松反应方案后的常见和可分离神经活动。
Common and Dissociable Neural Activity After Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Relaxation Response Programs.
机构信息
From the Department of Psychiatry (Sevinc, Hölzel, Greenberg, McCallister, Schneider, Lazar), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar (Hölzel), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine (Hashmi), Dalhousie University, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (McCallister), Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, Massachusetts; Department of Psychology (Treadway), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health (Dusek), Stockbridge; Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine (Dusek), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; and University of Massachusetts Medical School (Carmody), Worcester, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Psychosom Med. 2018 Jun;80(5):439-451. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000590.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated common and dissociable neural and psychological correlates of two widely used meditation-based stress reduction programs.
METHODS
Participants were randomized to the Relaxation Response (RR; n = 18; 56% female) or the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; n = 16; 56% female) programs. Both programs use a "bodyscan" meditation; however, the RR program explicitly emphasizes physical relaxation during this practice, whereas the MBSR program emphasizes mindful awareness with no explicit relaxation instructions. After the programs, neural activity during the respective meditation was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS
Both programs were associated with reduced stress (for RR, from 14.1 ± 6.6 to 11.3 ± 5.5 [Cohen's d = 0.50; for MBSR, from 17.7 ± 5.7 to 11.9 ± 5.0 [Cohen's d = 1.02]). Conjunction analyses revealed functional coupling between ventromedial prefrontal regions and supplementary motor areas (p < .001). The disjunction analysis indicated that the RR bodyscan was associated with stronger functional connectivity of the right inferior frontal gyrus-an important hub of intentional inhibition and control-with supplementary motor areas (p < .001, family-wise error [FWE] rate corrected). The MBSR program was uniquely associated with improvements in self-compassion and rumination, and the within-group analysis of MBSR bodyscan revealed significant functional connectivity of the right anterior insula-an important hub of sensory awareness and salience-with pregenual anterior cingulate during bodyscan meditation compared with rest (p = .03, FWE corrected).
CONCLUSIONS
The bodyscan exercises in each program were associated with both overlapping and differential functional coupling patterns, which were consistent with each program's theoretical foundation. These results may have implications for the differential effects of these programs for the treatment of diverse conditions.
目的
我们研究了两种广泛应用的基于冥想的减压方案中常见的和可分离的神经和心理相关性。
方法
参与者被随机分配到放松反应（RR；n = 18；56%为女性）或正念减压（MBSR；n = 16；56%为女性）方案。这两个方案都使用“身体扫描”冥想；然而，RR 方案在实践中明确强调身体放松，而 MBSR 方案强调正念意识，没有明确的放松指令。在方案之后，使用功能磁共振成像研究各自冥想时的神经活动。
结果
两个方案都与应激减少相关（对于 RR，从 14.1 ± 6.6 降至 11.3 ± 5.5[Cohen's d = 0.50；对于 MBSR，从 17.7 ± 5.7 降至 11.9 ± 5.0[Cohen's d = 1.02]）。联合分析显示腹内侧前额叶区域和辅助运动区之间的功能耦合（p <.001）。离散分析表明，RR 身体扫描与右侧下额叶回（意图抑制和控制的重要枢纽）与辅助运动区的功能连接更强相关（p <.001，经家族错误率校正）。MBSR 方案与自我同情和反刍的改善相关，并且 MBSR 身体扫描的组内分析显示，与休息相比，身体扫描冥想时右侧前岛叶（感觉意识和突显的重要枢纽）与前扣带回皮质的功能连接显著（p =.03，经家族错误率校正）。
结论
每个方案中的身体扫描练习都与重叠和差异的功能耦合模式相关，这与每个方案的理论基础一致。这些结果可能对这些方案对不同条件的治疗的不同影响具有意义。
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