Département des centres délocalisés de prévention et de soins, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Rectorat de la Guyane, 97300, Cayenne, French Guiana.
BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 11;18(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1670-6.
Suicide within the Amerindian community of Camopi (1741 inhabitants) in French Guiana has been an increasing problem widely reported in the media leading the French Government to mandate a parliamentary mission to investigate the matter. The purpose of the study was to describe this phenomenon and identify factors associated with suicide attempts.
A retrospective observational study was conducted from the health centers' medical records. All suicide attempts and suicides committed between 2008 and 2015 by Amerindians living in Camopi and Trois Sauts were compiled. Contextual factors and suicide representations were also analyzed.
During the study period, the annual attempted suicide rate and the suicide rate were higher in the last 3 years. The overall annual rate was equal to 6.9/1741 or 396 per 100, 000 inhabitants for attempted suicide and 172 per 100,000 inhabitants for suicide, which is more than 10 times higher than the suicide rate in mainland France. The mortality rate was 30.4% versus 8.2% in mainland France. The 10-20 year-old age group represented 70% of suicide deaths. There was no significant difference between genders. A recent death and interpersonal conflict were the main stressful life events reported by respondents (55 and 52%, respectively). Alcohol addiction (30% of the respondents) was associated with suicide attempts under the influence of alcohol (p = 0.03). Repetition of suicide attempts was associated with cannabis consumption (p = 0.03). Depression was reported among 45% of the respondents. A third of respondents reported having been abused during their childhood. Over half of respondents reported that their suicide attempt was motivated by a spirit (58%).
Despite limitations due to the small population size and limited time frame, this is the first study to describe the epidemiology of suicide among Amerindians living in Camopi. In contrast with other French territories, the suicide rate was very high, the sex ratio was balanced and younger age groups were most affected.
法属圭亚那卡姆皮（居民 1741 人）的美洲印第安人群体中，自杀事件不断增加，媒体对此广泛报道，法国政府因此授权进行议会调查。本研究旨在描述这一现象并确定与自杀企图相关的因素。
这是一项回顾性观察研究，从卫生中心的医疗记录中收集数据。研究对象为 2008 年至 2015 年期间居住在卡姆皮和特罗萨茨的美洲印第安人，记录所有自杀企图和自杀事件。同时还分析了背景因素和自杀描述。
在研究期间，最后 3 年的自杀企图发生率和自杀率更高。总的年发生率等于每 1741 名居民中有 6.9 人企图自杀，每 10 万居民中有 396 人企图自杀，自杀率为每 10 万居民中有 172 人自杀，这比法国本土的自杀率高出 10 多倍。死亡率为 30.4%，而法国本土为 8.2%。10-20 岁年龄组占自杀死亡人数的 70%。性别之间没有显著差异。受访者报告的主要生活压力事件是最近的死亡和人际冲突（分别为 55%和 52%）。酒精成瘾（30%的受访者）与在酒精影响下自杀企图有关（p=0.03）。重复自杀企图与大麻消费有关（p=0.03）。45%的受访者报告有抑郁。三分之一的受访者报告在童年时遭受过虐待。超过一半的受访者报告说他们的自杀企图是由神灵（58%）驱使的。
尽管由于人口规模小和时间框架有限存在局限性，但这是第一项描述卡姆皮居住的美洲印第安人自杀流行病学的研究。与其他法国领土不同，自杀率非常高，性别比例平衡，受影响最大的是年龄较小的群体。
