Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Jan;23(1):33-41. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2383-4. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
Addition of aluminum fluoride (AlF) to MTA was tested to inhibit dental discoloration.
MTA Angelus with 0, 5, 15, and 45% AlF were tested. The set cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Radiopacity and setting time were analyzed according to ANSI/ADA 57 and ASTM C266-08. Volume change was evaluated using volumetric micro-CT analysis. The pH and calcium ion release were assessed after 3 and 24 h and 28 days. Dental discoloration in contact with the cements was assessed after 24 h and 28 and 90 days of contact with bovine and human dentine. Tissue reaction to subcutaneous implantation in rats was examined after 30 and 60 days.
AlF altered the microstructure of MTA. The addition of 5% AlF did not significantly alter the radiopacity, setting time, and volume change (p > 0.05). pH and calcium ion release significantly increased with addition of AlF (p > 0.05). All the tested proportions of AlF prevented the dental darkening verified for MTA Angelus in bovine and human teeth. AlF did not interfere in inflammatory response of MTA in all periods of analysis; otherwise, lower amounts showed less intense inflammatory infiltrate.
AlF prevents destabilization of bismuth oxide and consequent tooth darkening, frequently verified in clinical practice when using white MTA.
The use of 5% of AlF in combination to MTA resulted in a cement that did not result in dental discoloration and did not affect significantly physical, chemical, and biological properties.
研究添加氟化铝（AlF）抑制 MTA 变色的效果。
测试了含 0%、5%、15%和 45%AlF 的 MTA Angelus。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析和 X 射线衍射对凝固的水泥进行了表征。根据 ANSI/ADA 57 和 ASTM C266-08 分析放射密度和凝固时间。通过体视学微 CT 分析评估体积变化。在 3、24 和 28 天时评估 pH 值和钙离子释放情况。在与牛牙和人牙接触 24、28 和 90 天后，评估与水泥接触引起的牙齿变色。在大鼠皮下植入 30 和 60 天后，检查组织反应。
AlF 改变了 MTA 的微观结构。添加 5%AlF 对放射密度、凝固时间和体积变化没有显著影响（p>0.05）。添加 AlF 后 pH 值和钙离子释放显著增加（p>0.05）。所有测试比例的 AlF 均防止了 MTA Angelus 在牛牙和人牙中出现的牙齿变暗现象。在所有分析阶段，AlF 均未影响 MTA 的炎症反应；然而，较低含量的 AlF 引起的炎症浸润程度较轻。
AlF 可防止氧化铋的不稳定性和随后的牙齿变色，这在临床实践中经常使用白色 MTA 时出现。
在 MTA 中添加 5%的 AlF 可制成一种不会导致牙齿变色且不会显著影响物理、化学和生物学性能的水泥。
