Testa Ugo, Pelosi Elvira, Castelli Germana, Labbaye Catherine
Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Noncoding RNA. 2017 Jun 26;3(3):22. doi: 10.3390/ncrna3030022.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of evolutionarily-conserved small, regulatory non-coding RNAs, 19-3 nucleotides in length, that negatively regulate protein coding gene transcripts' expression. miR-146 (146a and 146b) and miR-155 are among the first and most studied miRs for their multiple roles in the control of the innate and adaptive immune processes and for their deregulation and oncogenic role in some tumors. In the present review, we have focused on the recent acquisitions about the key role played by miR-146a, miR-146b and miR-155 in the control of the immune system and in myeloid tumorigenesis. Growing experimental evidence indicates an opposite role of miR-146a with respect to miR-155 in the fine regulation of many steps of the immune response, acting at the level of the various cell types involved in innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. The demonstration that miR-155 overexpression plays a key pathogenic role in some lymphomas and acute myeloid leukemias has led to the development of an antagomir-based approach as a new promising therapeutic strategy.
微小RNA（miRNA或miR）是一类进化上保守的小的调节性非编码RNA，长度为19 - 23个核苷酸，它们负向调节蛋白质编码基因转录本的表达。miR - 146（146a和146b）和miR - 155是最早且研究最多的miRNA之一，因其在先天性和适应性免疫过程控制中的多种作用，以及在某些肿瘤中的失调和致癌作用。在本综述中，我们聚焦于miR - 146a、miR - 146b和miR - 155在免疫系统控制和髓系肿瘤发生中所起关键作用的最新研究成果。越来越多的实验证据表明，在免疫反应多个步骤的精细调节中，miR - 146a相对于miR - 155发挥着相反的作用，作用于参与先天性和适应性免疫机制的各种细胞类型水平。miR - 155过表达在某些淋巴瘤和急性髓系白血病中起关键致病作用，这一发现促使基于反义寡核苷酸的方法发展成为一种新的有前景的治疗策略。
