Nasr Reza, Hasanzadeh Hadi, Khaleghian Ali, Moshtaghian Abdolvahab, Emadi Alireza, Moshfegh Shima
Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Cancer Research Center and Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Oman Med J. 2018 Mar;33(2):111-117. doi: 10.5001/omj.2018.22.
Nanoparticles induce oxidative stress in cells and damage them through the cell membrane and DNA damage, eventually resulting in cell death. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles on apoptosis induction and invasion of gastric cancer cell line, MKN-45.
We used the MTT assay to assess proliferation of MKN-45 gastric cancer cells after exposure to different forms of TiO nanoparticles including amorph, brookite, anatase, and rutile coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining were used to visualize cancer cell apoptosis, and the wound healing assay technique (migration test) was used to assay cancer cell invasion.
Viability and proliferation of cancer cells in the presence of various forms of TiO nanoparticles were reduced ( ≤ 0.050). This reduction in cell proliferation and viability was directly related to concentration and duration of exposure to nanoparticles. Induction of cell death was seen in all groups ( ≤ 0.050). Increased cell invasion was seen in PEG-amorph TiO group compared to the control group. Cell invasion was decreased only in the brookite BSA group ( ≤ 0.050).
Various forms of TiO nanoparticles reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Some forms of TiO nanoparticles such as brookite BSA also inhibited cell invasion. PEG-amorph TiO nanoparticles increased cell invasion. These differences seem to be due to the effects of different configurations of TiO nanoparticles. TiO may provide a new strategy for cancer treatment and more studies are needed.
纳米颗粒可诱导细胞产生氧化应激，并通过细胞膜和DNA损伤对细胞造成损害，最终导致细胞死亡。本研究旨在评估二氧化钛（TiO）纳米颗粒对胃癌细胞系MKN-45凋亡诱导和侵袭的影响。
我们使用MTT法评估MKN-45胃癌细胞在暴露于不同形式的TiO纳米颗粒（包括无定形、板钛矿、锐钛矿和涂有聚乙二醇（PEG）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的金红石）后的增殖情况。使用溴化乙锭和吖啶橙染色来观察癌细胞凋亡情况，并使用伤口愈合试验技术（迁移试验）来检测癌细胞侵袭情况。
在各种形式的TiO纳米颗粒存在下，癌细胞的活力和增殖均降低（≤0.050）。细胞增殖和活力的这种降低与纳米颗粒的浓度和暴露持续时间直接相关。所有组均观察到细胞死亡的诱导（≤0.050）。与对照组相比，PEG-无定形TiO组中细胞侵袭增加。仅在板钛矿BSA组中细胞侵袭减少（≤0.050）。
各种形式的TiO纳米颗粒均降低了癌细胞的增殖并诱导了其凋亡。某些形式的TiO纳米颗粒，如板钛矿BSA，也抑制了细胞侵袭。PEG-无定形TiO纳米颗粒增加了细胞侵袭。这些差异似乎是由于TiO纳米颗粒不同构型的影响。TiO可能为癌症治疗提供一种新策略，还需要更多研究。
