Mulè Serena, Falla Mariagiovanna, Conti Alessandra, Castiglione Dora, Blanco Isabella, Platania Armando, D'Urso Maurizio, Marranzano Marina
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
Provincial Health Authority of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2018 Apr 15;7(4):58. doi: 10.3390/antiox7040058.
Dietary intake of macronutrient and foods is considered crucial to decrease the risk of diet-related non-communicable diseases.
The aim of this study was to describe the intake of major food groups and macronutrients in a random sample of 1838 southern Italian adults.
No significant differences of macronutrient consumption between sexes were found. By contrast, younger individuals had significantly higher intake of animal protein than older ones. Men reported consuming significantly more total processed meats and less eggs than women; egg consumption significantly increased by age groups. Significantly lower intake of fruit in the younger age group compared to older ones was found. Various patterns of correlation between food groups were described. More than half of individuals reached the suggested recommendations for carbohydrate and fiber intake, and about two-thirds met the recommendations for total protein and cholesterol intake, while only a minority met for total fat intake. Total and plant protein, monounsaturated and omega-6 fatty acids, were significantly inversely related with BMI (body mass index), while trans fatty acids and cholesterol were directly correlated. A direct association with unprocessed meats and an inverse association with processed meats was also found.
The overall findings suggest that relatively healthy dietary habits are common in southern Italy.
大量营养素和食物的饮食摄入被认为对降低与饮食相关的非传染性疾病风险至关重要。
本研究的目的是描述1838名意大利南部成年人随机样本中主要食物组和大量营养素的摄入量。
未发现男女之间大量营养素消耗存在显著差异。相比之下，年轻人摄入的动物蛋白明显高于老年人。男性报告食用的加工肉类总量明显多于女性，而鸡蛋食用量明显少于女性；鸡蛋食用量随年龄组显著增加。发现年轻年龄组的水果摄入量明显低于老年组。描述了食物组之间的各种相关模式。超过一半的个体达到了碳水化合物和纤维摄入量的建议标准，约三分之二的个体达到了总蛋白质和胆固醇摄入量的建议标准，而只有少数个体达到了总脂肪摄入量的建议标准。总蛋白和植物蛋白、单不饱和脂肪酸和ω-6脂肪酸与体重指数（BMI）显著负相关，而反式脂肪酸和胆固醇则呈正相关。还发现与未加工肉类呈正相关，与加工肉类呈负相关。
总体研究结果表明，相对健康的饮食习惯在意大利南部很常见。
