National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Dec;55(12):9280-9293. doi: 10.1007/s12035-018-1054-4. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
Exosomes are endogenous nanovesicles that play critical roles in intercellular signaling by conveying functional genetic information and proteins between cells. Exosomes readily cross the blood-brain barrier and have promise as therapeutic delivery vehicles that have the potential to specifically deliver molecules to the central nervous system (CNS). This unique feature also makes exosomes attractive as biomarkers in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in the context of multiple significant public health conditions, including acquired neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the state of the science surrounding the relevance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, to acquire neurological disorders, specifically traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ischemic stroke. In total, ten research articles were identified that examined exosomes in the context of TBI, SCI, or stroke; these manuscripts were reviewed and synthesized to further understand the current role of exosomes in the context of acquired neurological disorders. Of the ten published studies, four focused exclusively on TBI, one on both TBI and SCI, and five on ischemic stroke; notably, eight of the ten studies were limited to pre-clinical samples. The present review is the first to discuss the current body of knowledge surrounding the role of exosomes in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as promising therapeutic strategies in TBI, SCI, and stroke research.
外泌体是内源性纳米囊泡，通过在细胞间传递功能遗传信息和蛋白质，在细胞间信号传递中发挥关键作用。外泌体容易穿过血脑屏障，有望成为治疗性药物载体，具有将分子特异性递送到中枢神经系统（CNS）的潜力。这种独特的特性也使外泌体作为诊断、预后和治疗多种重要公共健康状况（包括获得性神经障碍）的生物标志物具有吸引力。本综述的目的是总结围绕细胞外囊泡（EVs），特别是外泌体，与获得性神经障碍（特别是创伤性脑损伤（TBI）、脊髓损伤（SCI）和缺血性中风）相关性的科学现状。总共确定了 10 篇研究文章，这些文章研究了外泌体在 TBI、SCI 或中风中的作用；对这些手稿进行了审查和综合，以进一步了解外泌体在获得性神经障碍中的当前作用。在已发表的 10 项研究中，有 4 项专门研究 TBI，1 项同时研究 TBI 和 SCI，5 项研究缺血性中风；值得注意的是，这 10 项研究中有 8 项仅限于临床前样本。本综述首次讨论了目前关于外泌体在 TBI、SCI 和中风研究中的病理生理学、诊断、预后以及有前途的治疗策略中的作用的知识体系。
