Population Health, Health Systems and Innovations, Human Science Research Council, Cape Town 8001, South Africa.
Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa.
Nutrients. 2018 Apr 18;10(4):504. doi: 10.3390/nu10040504.
This study attempts to bridge the research gap regarding the importance of dietary fiber in reducing metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors in young rural South Africans. A total of 627 individuals (309 males and 318 females) aged 18–30 years participated in the study. Dietary intake was measured using a validated 24-h recall method. The consumption of different types of dietary fiber (total, soluble, and insoluble) was calculated and presented as grams. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles were measured according to standard protocols. According to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the prevalence of MetS was 23.1%. Overall, the total median [interquartile range (IQR)] values for total, insoluble, and soluble fiber consumed were 4.6 g [0.0–48.9], 0.0 g [0.0–18.0], and 0.0 g [0.0–15.0], respectively. Females had a higher median [IQR] intake of total (5.1 g [0.0–48.9] vs. 4.3 g [0.0–43.9]), insoluble (0.0 g [0.0–18.0] vs. 0.0 g [0.0–12.0]), and soluble fiber (0.0 g [0.0–14.9] vs. 0.0 g [0.0–7.3]) than males, respectively. The mean values for waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol were higher in females than males (82.20 cm vs. 75.07 cm; 5.59 mmol/L vs. 5.44 mmol/L; and 4.26 mmol/L vs. 4.03 mmol/L, respectively), with significant differences observed for waist circumference and total cholesterol ( < 0.001 and = 0.005, respectively). More than 97% of participants had fiber intakes below the recommended levels. After adjusting for all potential confounders (age, gender, and energy), log total fiber was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose (β = −0.019, 95% CI [−0.042 to 0.003], < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (β = −0.002, 95% CI [−0.050 to 0.002], < 0.05) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = −0.085, 95% CI [−0.173 to 0.002], = 0.051) This study may be of public health relevance, providing a potential link between less dietary fiber intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Therefore, this observational data encourages public health policy measures to increase the consumption of dietary fiber in rural communities in order to lower the burden of MetS and its associated risk factors.
这项研究试图填补关于膳食纤维在降低南非农村年轻人群代谢综合征（MetS）风险因素中的重要性方面的研究空白。共有 627 名年龄在 18-30 岁的个体（309 名男性和 318 名女性）参与了这项研究。采用经过验证的 24 小时回忆法来测量膳食摄入量。计算并以克为单位呈现不同类型膳食纤维（总、可溶性和不溶性）的消耗量。根据标准方案测量人体测量学、血压、空腹血糖和血脂谱。根据国际糖尿病联合会（IDF）的定义，MetS 的患病率为 23.1%。总体而言，总膳食纤维（总、不溶性和可溶性）的中位数[四分位数间距（IQR）]值分别为 4.6 克[0.0-48.9]、0.0 克[0.0-18.0]和 0.0 克[0.0-15.0]。女性的总膳食纤维（5.1 克[0.0-48.9]比 4.3 克[0.0-43.9]）、不溶性膳食纤维（0.0 克[0.0-18.0]比 0.0 克[0.0-12.0]）和可溶性膳食纤维（0.0 克[0.0-14.9]比 0.0 克[0.0-7.3]）的中位数[IQR]摄入量均高于男性，分别。女性的腰围、空腹血糖和总胆固醇平均值高于男性（82.20 厘米比 75.07 厘米；5.59 毫摩尔/升比 5.44 毫摩尔/升；4.26 毫摩尔/升比 4.03 毫摩尔/升），腰围和总胆固醇有显著差异（<0.001 和=0.005）。超过 97%的参与者的膳食纤维摄入量低于推荐水平。在校正所有潜在混杂因素（年龄、性别和能量）后，总纤维的对数与空腹血糖呈负相关（β=−0.019，95%置信区间[−0.042 至 0.003]，<0.05），与收缩压（β=−0.002，95%置信区间[−0.050 至 0.002]，<0.05）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（β=−0.085，95%置信区间[−0.173 至 0.002]，=0.051）呈负相关。该研究可能具有公共卫生相关性，为膳食纤维摄入量较少与空腹血糖（FBG）以及收缩压和舒张压之间的关系提供了潜在联系。因此，这些观察性数据鼓励采取公共卫生政策措施，增加农村社区膳食纤维的摄入量，以降低 MetS 及其相关风险因素的负担。
