Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2018 May;114(5):693-718. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000118.
Anger, disgust, surprise, and awe are multifaceted emotions. Both anger and disgust are associated with feeling unpleasant as well as experiencing a sense of confidence, whereas surprise and awe tend to be more pleasant emotions that are associated with doubt. Most prior work has examined how appraisals (confidence, pleasantness) lead people to experience different emotions or to experience different levels of intensity within the same emotion. Instead, the current research focused on the consequences (rather the antecedents) of appraisals of emotion, and it focuses specifically on the consequences for thought usage rather than the consequences for generating many or few thoughts. We show that when these four emotions are induced following thought generation, thoughts can be used either more or less with each emotion depending on whether the pleasantness/unpleasantness or confidence/doubt appraisal is made salient. In five experiments, it was predicted and found that anger and disgust following thought generation led to more thought use than surprise and awe when a confidence appraisal for the emotion was encouraged, but led to less thought use than surprise and awe when a pleasantness appraisal was made salient. The current studies are the first to reveal that different appraisals can lead to different (even opposite) outcomes on thought usage within the same experimental design. (PsycINFO Database Record
愤怒、厌恶、惊讶和敬畏是多方面的情绪。愤怒和厌恶都与不愉快的感觉以及自信感有关，而惊讶和敬畏往往是更愉快的情绪，与怀疑有关。大多数先前的研究都考察了评价（自信、愉悦）如何导致人们体验不同的情绪，或者在同一种情绪中体验不同的强度。相反，当前的研究侧重于评价的后果（而不是前因），它特别关注对思维使用的后果，而不是对产生大量或少量思维的后果。我们表明，当这些四种情绪在思维产生后被诱发时，根据情绪的愉悦/不愉快或自信/怀疑评价是否突出，每种情绪的思维使用可以更多或更少。在五个实验中，我们预测并发现，在鼓励对情绪的自信评价时，愤怒和厌恶会导致思维使用多于惊讶和敬畏，但在突出愉悦评价时，愤怒和厌恶会导致思维使用少于惊讶和敬畏。本研究首次揭示了在相同的实验设计中，不同的评价可以导致思维使用的不同（甚至相反）结果。
