Pan Jiao, Hu Cuiting, Yu Jae-Hyuk
Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2018 Apr 20;4(2):50. doi: 10.3390/jof4020050.
Lipids, commonly including phospholipids, sphingolipids, fatty acids, sterols, and triacylglycerols (TAGs), are important biomolecules for the viability of all cells. Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols are important constituents of biological membranes. Many lipids play important roles in the regulation of cell metabolism by acting as signaling molecules. Neutral lipids, including TAGs and sterol esters (STEs), are important storage lipids in cells. In view of the importance of lipid molecules, this review briefly summarizes the metabolic pathways for sterols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, fatty acids, and neutral lipids in fungi and illustrates the differences between fungal and human (or other mammalian) cells, especially in relation to lipid biosynthetic pathways. These differences might provide valuable clues for us to find target proteins for novel antifungal drugs. In addition, the development of lipidomics technology in recent years has supplied us with a shortcut for finding new antifungal drug targets; this ability is important for guiding our research on pathogenic fungi.
脂质通常包括磷脂、鞘脂、脂肪酸、固醇和三酰甘油（TAGs），是所有细胞生存所必需的重要生物分子。磷脂、鞘脂和固醇是生物膜的重要组成成分。许多脂质作为信号分子，在细胞代谢调节中发挥重要作用。中性脂质，包括TAGs和固醇酯（STEs），是细胞中重要的储存脂质。鉴于脂质分子的重要性，本综述简要总结了真菌中固醇、磷脂、鞘脂、脂肪酸和中性脂质的代谢途径，并阐述了真菌与人类（或其他哺乳动物）细胞之间的差异，特别是在脂质生物合成途径方面。这些差异可能为我们寻找新型抗真菌药物的靶蛋白提供有价值的线索。此外，近年来脂质组学技术的发展为我们寻找新的抗真菌药物靶点提供了一条捷径；这种能力对于指导我们对致病真菌的研究很重要。
