Fungal lipids: biosynthesis and signalling during plant-pathogen interaction.

Lipids occur in fungi as major constituents of the membrane systems and minor component in the cell wall; they can store energy in the lipid bodies and, in some cases, they can act as intra-extracellular signals. Fungi contain a various set of lipids, including fatty acids, oxylipins, sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterols. Current studies in lipids suggest their additional role in cell signalling; for instance, host-pathogen exchange lipid signals at the interface during their interaction. This review aims examining those fungal lipid classes involved in the pathogenic interaction with the host plants. The lipid signals may trigger host immune response as well as functioning as virulence factors altering the lipid homeostasis of the host cells.