Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Jun;127:393-402. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Concerning environmental issues of metal based-nanomaterials and increasing demand for nano-based products; various strategies have been employed to find eco-friendly natural nano-compounds, among which nano-polymer chitosan is mostly considered. Herein, the various aspects of the way in which bulk or nano-chitosan may modify growth, morphogenesis, micropropagation, and physiology of Capsicum annuum L. were considered. Culture medium was manipulated with different concentrations of bulk chitosan or synthesized chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-particle. The supplementations of culture media led to changes in morphology (especially, the root architecture) and differentiation. Toxic doses of bulk (100 mgL) or nano-chitosan (5, 10, and 20 mgL) dramatically provoked cessation of plant growth and development. Plant growth and biomass accumulations were increased along with the suitable levels of bulk or nano-chitosan. Peroxidase and catalase activities in a dose and organ-dependent manners were significantly modified by the supplements. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase was induced by the mentioned supplements. Also, the contents of soluble phenols, proline, and alkaloid were found to be significantly increased by the elicitors, over the control. The nano-chitosan of 1 mgL was found to be the most effective elicitor to trigger organogenesis via micropropagation. The huge differences between triggering and toxic concentrations of the supplements would be due to the physicochemical modifications of nano-polymeric. Furthermore, the results highlight the potential benefits (hormone-like activity) and phytotoxic impacts of nano-chitosan/TPP for in vitro manipulations. This is the first report on both the favorable and adverse effects of nano-chitosan/TPP, representing requirements for further investigation on such formulations for future applications.
关于金属基纳米材料的环境问题和对纳米产品需求的增加，人们已经采用了各种策略来寻找环保型天然纳米化合物，其中最受关注的是纳米聚合物壳聚糖。在此，我们考虑了壳聚糖的不同形式（即壳聚糖纳米粒子）对辣椒生长、形态发生、微繁殖和生理的影响。通过不同浓度的壳聚糖或合成的壳聚糖/三聚磷酸钠（TPP）纳米粒子对培养基进行了处理。培养基的补充导致形态发生变化（特别是根系结构）和分化。大量（100mgL）或纳米壳聚糖（5、10 和 20mgL）的毒性剂量会显著导致植物生长和发育停止。随着合适水平的壳聚糖或纳米壳聚糖的添加，植物生长和生物量积累得到了增加。过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性在剂量和器官依赖性方面都被这些补充物显著改变。苯丙氨酸解氨酶被这些补充物诱导。此外，与对照相比，所述补充物显著增加了可溶性酚、脯氨酸和生物碱的含量。1mgL 的纳米壳聚糖被发现是通过微繁殖引发器官发生的最有效诱导剂。补充剂的触发浓度和毒性浓度之间的巨大差异可能是由于纳米聚合物的物理化学性质发生了变化。此外，结果强调了纳米壳聚糖/TPP 在体外操作中的潜在益处（激素样活性）和植物毒性影响。这是首次报道纳米壳聚糖/TPP 的有利和不利影响，这表明需要进一步研究这些制剂，以将其应用于未来。
