Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), 83304, Hermosillo, A.C.Sonora, Mexico.
Curr Microbiol. 2024 Nov 5;81(12):445. doi: 10.1007/s00284-024-03909-0.
Colletotrichum fungus complex affects several crops and tropical products, which suffer significant losses due to anthracnose. The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), alone or in combination with bioactive compounds, has been recommend for agronomic applications. However, there is very little information on their phytotoxicity, and there is no information about the effect on microorganisms with low susceptibility to chitosan. This work aims to compare their antifungal effect against isolates of C. fructicola with low susceptibility to chitosan and to study the toxicological effects of CNPs on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds. Levels of phytotoxicity of high-to-very high and moderate-to-very high were observed for lettuce and radish seeds, respectively, with greater detrimental effects on the radicle elongation after exposure to CNPs concentrations of 4-5 g L. For the three C. fructicola isolates, the CNPs did not inhibit the fungal growth; however, the cell viability decreased as the CNPs concentration increased, and a complete inhibition of the viability was found for H4-1 and 003 isolates at a CNPs concentration of 5 g L. Morphometric alterations characterized by a reduction in the average length of the terminal hyphae, distortion, and a higher number of branches in the hyphae, were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the effect of nanochitosan particles in Colletotrichum fructicola, with experimentally proven low sensitivity to chitosan, was studied.
炭疽菌复合体影响多种作物和热带产品，这些作物和产品因炭疽病而遭受重大损失。壳聚糖纳米粒子（CNPs）的单独使用或与生物活性化合物联合使用，已被推荐用于农业应用。然而，关于其植物毒性的信息非常少，并且关于对低壳聚糖敏感性的微生物的影响也没有信息。本工作旨在比较其对低壳聚糖敏感性的胶孢炭疽菌分离物的抗真菌效果，并研究 CNPs 对生菜（Lactuca sativa）和萝卜（Raphanus sativus）种子萌发的毒理学影响。对于生菜和萝卜种子，分别观察到高到极高和中等到极高的植物毒性水平，在用 4-5 g L 的 CNPs 浓度处理后，对胚根伸长的有害影响更大。对于三种胶孢炭疽菌分离物，CNPs 并没有抑制真菌的生长；然而，随着 CNPs 浓度的增加，细胞活力下降，在 5 g L 的 CNPs 浓度下，H4-1 和 003 分离物的活力完全被抑制。观察到形态计量学的改变，表现为末端菌丝平均长度的减少、扭曲和菌丝分支数量的增加。据我们所知，这是首次报道纳米壳聚糖颗粒对经实验证明对壳聚糖低敏感性的胶孢炭疽菌的影响。
