Marchetti Giampietro, Arondi Sabrina, Baglivo Francesca, Lonni Sara, Quadri Federico, Valsecchi Alberto, Venturoli Nicola, Ceruti Paolo
Division of Pulmonology, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
Division of Pulmonology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy.
Clin Respir J. 2018 Jun;12(6):1993-2005. doi: 10.1111/crj.12907.
The use of transthoracic ultrasound (US) has acquired a wide consensus among respiratory physicians during the last few years. The development of portable devices promotes patient's bedside evaluation providing rapid, real-time and low-cost diagnostic information. The different acoustic impedance between different tissues and organs produces artifacts known as A lines, B lines, sliding sign, lung point, etc. The identification of such artifacts is essential to discriminate normal pleural appearance from the presence of pleural effusion, pneumothorax, thickenings and tumors. Ultrasounds are also a valuable tool during interventional procedures, such as thoracentesis, chest tube insertion and transcutaneous biopsy. Its use is recommended before medical thoracoscopy in order to assess the best site of trocar insertion according to presence, quantity and characteristics of pleural effusion. The aim of this review is to provide practical tips on chest ultrasound in clinical and interventional respiratory practice.
在过去几年中，经胸超声（US）的应用在呼吸内科医生中已获得广泛认可。便携式设备的发展促进了对患者的床边评估，可提供快速、实时且低成本的诊断信息。不同组织和器官之间不同的声阻抗会产生诸如A线、B线、滑动征、肺点等伪像。识别这些伪像对于区分正常胸膜表现与胸腔积液、气胸、增厚及肿瘤的存在至关重要。超声在介入操作中也是一种有价值的工具，如胸腔穿刺术、胸腔置管术和经皮活检。建议在医疗胸腔镜检查前使用超声，以便根据胸腔积液的存在、量和特征评估套管针插入的最佳部位。本综述的目的是为临床和介入呼吸实践中的胸部超声提供实用技巧。
