Wu Yi, Zhao Jianfei, Xu Chenchen, Ma Ning, He Ting, Zhao Jinshan, Ma Xi, Thacker Phil A
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2020 Nov;100(14):5102-5110. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9095. Epub 2018 Jun 9.
Over the last 27 years (1990-2017), based on the revolutionary progresses of basic nutrition research, novel methods and techniques have been developed which bring a profound technological revolution to pig production from free-range system to intensive farming all over the world. Basic theoretical innovations and feed production studies have provided vital advancements in pig nutrition by developing formula feed, utilizing balanced diets, determining feed energy value, dividing pig physiological stages, enhancing gut health, and improving feed processing technique. Formula feed is the primary contributor of the rise of the mechanized farming industry, and meets comprehensive nutritional needs of the pig. The focuses of the development of a balanced diet by optimizing nutrient levels are the amino acids balance, the balance between amino acids and energy, the balance between calcium and phosphorus. Multiple-site-production and targeted feeding program have been applied extensively. Early weaning of piglets improves production efficiency, but piglets that have not yet fully developed their intestine are prone to diarrhea. Therefore, intestinal health has received special attention in recent years. Feed processing technologies, such as granulation, puffing, fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, can improve the utilization of feed nutrients and reduce production cost. However, increasing a sow's potential for production, seeking alternatives to antibiotics, reducing drug treatment in piglets, developing functional additives and improving meat quality remain future challenges. Herein, we outline the important progresses of pig nutrition in the past 27 years, which will shed light on the basic nutrition rules of pig production, and help to push forward its future development. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
在过去的27年（1990 - 2017年）里，基于基础营养研究的革命性进展，已开发出新颖的方法和技术，给全球从散养系统到集约化养殖的养猪生产带来了深刻的技术变革。基础理论创新和饲料生产研究通过开发配合饲料、利用平衡日粮、测定饲料能量值、划分猪的生理阶段、增强肠道健康以及改进饲料加工技术，为猪营养带来了至关重要的进展。配合饲料是机械化养殖行业兴起的主要贡献因素，满足了猪的全面营养需求。通过优化营养水平来制定平衡日粮的重点在于氨基酸平衡、氨基酸与能量之间的平衡、钙与磷之间的平衡。多点生产和精准饲喂计划已得到广泛应用仔猪早期断奶提高了生产效率，但肠道尚未完全发育成熟的仔猪容易腹泻。因此，近年来肠道健康受到了特别关注饲料加工技术，如制粒膨化、发酵和酶解，可以提高饲料养分利用率并降低生产成本然而，提高母猪的生产潜力、寻找抗生素替代品减少仔猪药物治疗、开发功能性添加剂以及改善肉质仍然是未来的挑战在此，我们概述了过去27年猪营养的重要进展，这将阐明养猪生产的基础营养规律，并有助于推动其未来发展。© 2018化学工业协会
