Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0677, USA.
Nutrients. 2018 Apr 25;10(5):530. doi: 10.3390/nu10050530.
Improving cerebrovascular function may be a key mechanism whereby a healthy lifestyle, of which a healthy diet combined with increased physical activity levels is a cornerstone, protects against cognitive impairments. In this respect, effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF)—a sensitive physiological marker of cerebrovascular function—are of major interest. This review summarizes the impact of specific dietary determinants and physical exercise on CBF in adults and discusses the relation between these effects with potential changes in cognitive function. A limited number of randomized controlled trials have already demonstrated the beneficial effects of an acute intake of nitrate and polyphenols on CBF, but evidence for a relationship between these effects as well as improvements in cognitive functioning is limited. Moreover, long-term trans-resveratrol supplementation has been shown to increase CBF in populations at increased risk of accelerated cognitive decline. Long-term supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may also increase CBF, but related effects on cognitive performance have not yet been found. Significant decreases in cerebral perfusion were observed by commonly consumed amounts of caffeine, while alcohol intake was shown to increase CBF in a dose-dependent way. However, the long-term effects are not clear. Finally, long-term exercise training may be a promising approach to improve CBF, as increases in perfusion may contribute to the beneficial effects on cognitive functioning observed following increased physical activity levels.
改善脑血管功能可能是一种关键机制，通过这种机制，健康的生活方式（其中健康饮食加上增加身体活动水平是基石）可以预防认知障碍。在这方面，对脑血流量 (CBF) 的影响——脑血管功能的一个敏感生理标志物——非常重要。这篇综述总结了特定饮食决定因素和体育锻炼对成年人 CBF 的影响，并讨论了这些影响与潜在认知功能变化之间的关系。已经有一些随机对照试验已经证明了硝酸盐和多酚的急性摄入对 CBF 的有益影响，但这些影响以及认知功能改善之间的关系的证据有限。此外，研究表明，长期补充反式白藜芦醇可增加处于加速认知衰退风险增加的人群的 CBF。长链多不饱和脂肪酸的长期补充也可能增加 CBF，但尚未发现相关的认知表现影响。通过摄入常用量的咖啡因观察到脑灌注明显减少，而酒精摄入则呈剂量依赖性地增加 CBF。然而，长期效果尚不清楚。最后，长期运动训练可能是改善 CBF 的一种有前途的方法，因为灌注的增加可能有助于增加身体活动水平后观察到的对认知功能的有益影响。
