Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain.
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Apr 24;15(5):838. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050838.
(1) Purpose: This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of strategies used in the professional (re)integration of persons with mental disorders (MD) in European countries; (2) Methods: We conducted a search for scientific publications available in relevant electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CDR-HTA, CDR-DARE, and Cochrane Library). The present study collected evidence on the effectiveness, from 2011 to 2016, of employment strategies for persons with MDs; (3) Results: A total of 18 studies were included, representing 5216 participants (aged 18⁻65, mean age of 38.5 years old) from 7 countries. Job access programs demonstrated effectiveness in four out of six studies. Return to work (RTW) interventions showed significant positive results in two studies, while four studies did not refer to effectiveness. There were inconsistent results in another four studies; (4) Conclusions: Our findings highlight the complexities of the implementation of employment strategies (job access and return to work). Job access strategies seem to improve employment outcomes. The effectiveness of return to work strategies remains unclear. The involvement and commitment of physicians, employment specialists, and employers, and employees capacity for self-care seem decisive for employment re-integration success. Further analyses are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of these interventions and corroborate our results, with longer follow-ups.
(1) 目的：本系统评价旨在评估欧洲国家精神障碍患者（MD）专业（再）融入策略的有效性；(2) 方法：我们在相关电子数据库（Medline、PsycINFO、CDR-HTA、CDR-DARE 和 Cochrane Library）中搜索了可获得的科学出版物。本研究收集了 2011 年至 2016 年期间针对 MD 患者的就业策略的有效性证据；(3) 结果：共纳入 18 项研究，代表来自 7 个国家的 5216 名参与者（年龄 18-65 岁，平均年龄 38.5 岁）。六项研究中有四项显示工作机会方案有效。两项研究中的重返工作（RTW）干预措施显示出显著的积极结果，而四项研究则未提及有效性。另外四项研究的结果不一致；(4) 结论：我们的研究结果强调了实施就业策略（工作机会和重返工作）的复杂性。工作机会策略似乎可以改善就业结果。重返工作策略的有效性仍不清楚。医生、就业专家和雇主的参与和承诺，以及员工的自我保健能力似乎对就业再融入的成功具有决定性意义。需要进一步分析以评估这些干预措施的成本效益，并在更长的随访时间内证实我们的结果。
