Grove Bob
Senior Policy Adviser, Mental Health Europe, Brussels, email
BJPsych Int. 2015 Nov 1;12(4):97-99. doi: 10.1192/s2056474000000672. eCollection 2015 Nov.
It has been recognised that work is a positive factor for mental health since the days of Galen (2nd century CE). It was central to the theories and practice of William Tuke at the Retreat in York (founded 1796) and has continued in different forms as a therapy and/or a form of rehabilitation ever since. These forms can be usefully divided into four main categories: sheltered work, vocational training, transitional employment (or work experience) and supported employment. These broad categories have been adapted to different cultures and economic circumstances across the world. There are advantages and disadvantages to all forms, but the burgeoning research literature of the past 20 years does show that when it comes to finding people paid work in the open labour market, supported employment is markedly more successful than other methods.
自公元2世纪盖伦时代起，人们就认识到工作是心理健康的一个积极因素。在约克的疗养院（建于1796年），工作是威廉·图克理论与实践的核心内容，此后一直以不同形式作为一种治疗方法和/或康复形式存在。这些形式可有效地分为四大类：庇护性工作、职业培训、过渡性就业（或工作体验）和支持性就业。这些广泛的类别已适应了世界各地不同的文化和经济环境。所有形式都有优缺点，但过去20年迅速增长的研究文献确实表明，在为人们在公开劳动力市场找到带薪工作方面，支持性就业比其他方法明显更成功。
