Papaevangelou G, Róumeliotou A, Chatziminas M, Kotsianopoulou M, Ioannou P, Trichopoulou E, Nestoridou A
National Center for Viral Hepatitis, Athens School of Hygiene, Greece.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1988 Jun;4(2):150-3. doi: 10.1007/BF00144742.
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Cyprus was estimated in a sample of 795 blood donors, 388 armed forces recruits, 1872 hospital staff, 135 haemodialysis patients, 559 thalassaemic patients, 722 institutionalised adults, 98 mentally retarded children and 323 family contacts of HBsAg carriers. Commercially available radioimmunoassays were used for screening. Merck Sharpe and Dohme hepatitis B vaccine was used for a vaccination pilot program. Our results showed that the carrier rate of HBsAg in the blood donor and army recruit samples ranged between 0.77% and 1.01% and the prevalence of past infection between 11.1% and 13.6%. Among high risk groups the highest carrier rate was found in family contacts of HBsAg carriers (18.27%), in mentally retarded children (6.12%) and in institutionalized adult patients (5.40%). The frequency of immunes was found 28.5%, 12.2% and 33.2% respectively. The highest frequency of immunes was found in thalassaemic (82.9%) and haemodialysis (43.7%) patients. The carrier rate (2.94%) and the prevalence of immunes (22.5%) in hospital personnel was higher than in general population. Vaccination studies in a limited number of thalassaemic children and hospital personnel showed excellent acceptance of vaccination and excellent immunogenicity. We infer that HBV infection should be consider as a major public health problem in Cyprus. A National Vaccination program has to be implemented for containing its spread.
在塞浦路斯，对795名献血者、388名新兵、1872名医院工作人员、135名血液透析患者、559名地中海贫血患者、722名机构收容的成年人、98名智障儿童以及323名乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）携带者的家庭接触者进行抽样，以估算乙肝病毒（HBV）感染的流行情况。采用市售放射免疫测定法进行筛查。使用默克夏普多贺美乙肝疫苗开展了一项疫苗接种试点项目。我们的结果显示，献血者和新兵样本中的HBsAg携带率在0.77%至1.01%之间，既往感染率在11.1%至13.6%之间。在高危人群中，HBsAg携带者的家庭接触者（18.27%）、智障儿童（6.12%）和机构收容的成年患者（5.40%）的携带率最高。免疫者的比例分别为28.5%、12.2%和33.2%。地中海贫血患者（82.9%）和血液透析患者（43.7%）的免疫者比例最高。医院工作人员的携带率（2.94%）和免疫者比例（22.5%）高于普通人群。对少数地中海贫血儿童和医院工作人员开展的疫苗接种研究表明，疫苗接种的接受度和免疫原性都非常好。我们推断，HBV感染应被视为塞浦路斯的一个主要公共卫生问题。必须实施全国疫苗接种计划以控制其传播。
