Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Jul;24(7):1300-6. doi: 10.3201/eid2407.180028. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Influenza virologic surveillance is critical each season for tracking influenza circulation, following trends in antiviral drug resistance, detecting novel influenza infections in humans, and selecting viruses for use in annual seasonal vaccine production. We developed a framework and process map for characterizing the landscape of US influenza virologic surveillance into 5 tiers of influenza testing: outpatient settings (tier 1), inpatient settings and commercial laboratories (tier 2), state public health laboratories (tier 3), National Influenza Reference Center laboratories (tier 4), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention laboratories (tier 5). During the 2015-16 season, the numbers of influenza tests directly contributing to virologic surveillance were 804,000 in tiers 1 and 2; 78,000 in tier 3; 2,800 in tier 4; and 3,400 in tier 5. With the release of the 2017 US Pandemic Influenza Plan, the proposed framework will support public health officials in modeling, surveillance, and pandemic planning and response.
流感病毒学监测对于跟踪流感传播、监测抗病毒药物耐药性趋势、发现人类新的流感感染以及选择用于年度季节性疫苗生产的病毒至关重要。我们制定了一个框架和流程图，将美国流感病毒学监测的范围分为五个层次的流感检测：门诊环境（第 1 层）、住院环境和商业实验室（第 2 层）、州公共卫生实验室（第 3 层）、国家流感参考中心实验室（第 4 层）和疾病控制和预防中心实验室（第 5 层）。在 2015-16 季节，直接为病毒学监测做出贡献的流感检测数量在第 1 层和第 2 层为 804000 次；第 3 层为 78000 次；第 4 层为 2800 次；第 5 层为 3400 次。随着 2017 年美国大流行性流感计划的发布，该框架将支持公共卫生官员进行建模、监测以及大流行规划和应对。
