Jiao Jinghua, Yu Honghua, Yao Litong, Li Lihua, Yang Xiaohong, Liu Lei
Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110024, People's Republic of China.
Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2021 Dec 16;14:6929-6938. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S336148. eCollection 2021.
The microbiome has become a hot issue in recent years. The composition, modification, alteration, and disturbance of gut microbiota were found to influence important physiological processes, including energy metabolism and microenvironmental homeostasis, and lead to various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and one of the leading causes of blindness and vision impairment. The underlying mechanisms in DR pathogenesis remain limited. Recently, important insights have been made regarding possible connections between gut microbiome dysbiosis and ocular disease including DR, uveitis, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration, and the concept of a "microbiota-gut-retina axis" has been put forward. Hence, we reviewed current understanding of the relationship between DR and gut microbiota. We summarized potential pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the role of the gut microbiota on DR, including hyperglycemia, anti-diabetes drugs, microbial metabolites, and inflammatory properties. We aimed to find novel effective therapeutic options to prevent the onset and development of DR.
近年来，微生物组已成为一个热门话题。研究发现，肠道微生物群的组成、修饰、改变和紊乱会影响包括能量代谢和微环境稳态在内的重要生理过程，并导致各种疾病，包括肥胖、2型糖尿病和慢性肾脏病。糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病的一种主要微血管并发症，也是失明和视力损害的主要原因之一。DR发病机制的潜在机制仍然有限。最近，关于肠道微生物群失调与包括DR、葡萄膜炎、青光眼和年龄相关性黄斑变性在内的眼部疾病之间可能存在的联系，人们有了重要的认识，并提出了“微生物群-肠道-视网膜轴”的概念。因此，我们综述了目前对DR与肠道微生物群之间关系的理解。我们总结了肠道微生物群在DR中发挥作用的潜在病理生理机制，包括高血糖、抗糖尿病药物、微生物代谢产物和炎症特性。我们旨在寻找预防DR发生和发展的新型有效治疗方案。
