Vezzani Bianca, Pierantozzi Enrico, Sorrentino Vincenzo
BHF Centre for Vascular Regeneration and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Histol Histopathol. 2018 Dec;33(12):1235-1246. doi: 10.14670/HH-11-998. Epub 2018 May 7.
Adult stem cells represent a fundamental biological system that has fascinated scientists over the last decades, and are currently the subject of a large number of studies aimed at better defining the properties of these cells, with a prominent focus on improving their application in regenerative medicine. One of the most used adult stem cells in clinical trials are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells able to differentiate into mature cells of mesodermal lineages. Following the initial studies on MSCs isolated from bone marrow, similar cells were also isolated from a variety of fetal and adult human tissues. Initially considered as identical and equipotent, MSCs from tissues other than bone marrow actually display differences in terms of their plastic abilities, which can be ascribed to the tissue of origin and/or to the procedures used for their isolation. Moreover, results from additional studies suggest that cultured MSCs represent the in vitro version of a subset of in vivo resident cells localized in the perivascular environment. In this review, we will focus our attention on MSCs from tissues other than bone marrow, their in vivo localization and their current applications in clinics.
成体干细胞代表了一个在过去几十年中一直吸引着科学家的基本生物系统，目前它是大量研究的主题，这些研究旨在更好地定义这些细胞的特性，其中一个突出重点是改善它们在再生医学中的应用。临床试验中最常用的成体干细胞之一是间充质干细胞（MSCs），它是一种多能细胞，能够分化为中胚层谱系的成熟细胞。继对从骨髓中分离出的MSCs进行初步研究之后，类似的细胞也从多种胎儿和成人组织中分离出来。最初被认为是相同且具有同等能力的，来自骨髓以外组织的MSCs实际上在其可塑性能力方面存在差异，这可归因于其起源组织和/或用于分离它们的程序。此外，更多研究结果表明，培养的MSCs代表了体内位于血管周围环境中的一部分驻留细胞的体外版本。在这篇综述中，我们将把注意力集中在骨髓以外组织来源的MSCs、它们在体内的定位以及它们目前在临床上的应用。
