Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
Food Res Int. 2018 Jun;108:309-330. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Mar 6.
An interest in the development of extraction techniques of biomolecules from various natural sources has increased in recent years due to their potential applications particularly for food and nutraceutical purposes. The presence of polysaccharides such as hemicelluloses, starch, pectin inside the cell wall, reduces the extraction efficiency of conventional extraction techniques. Conventional techniques also suffer from low extraction yields, time inefficiency and inferior extract quality due to traces of organic solvents present in them. Hence, there is a need of the green and novel extraction methods to recover biomolecules. The present review provides a holistic insight to various aspects related to enzyme aided extraction. Applications of enzymes in the recovery of various biomolecules such as polyphenols, oils, polysaccharides, flavours and colorants have been highlighted. Additionally, the employment of hyphenated extraction technologies can overcome some of the major drawbacks of enzyme based extraction such as longer extraction time and immoderate use of solvents. This review also includes hyphenated intensification techniques by coupling conventional methods with ultrasound, microwave, high pressure and supercritical carbon dioxide. The last section gives an insight on application of enzyme immobilization as a strategy for large scale extraction. Immobilization of enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles can be employed to enhance the operational performance of the system by multiple use of expensive enzymes making them industrially and economically feasible.
近年来，由于生物分子在食品和营养保健品方面的潜在应用，人们对从各种天然资源中提取生物分子的技术发展产生了浓厚的兴趣。细胞壁内存在的多糖（如半纤维素、淀粉、果胶）会降低传统提取技术的提取效率。由于传统技术中存在有机溶剂残留，因此也存在提取产率低、耗时效率低和提取质量差等问题。因此，需要开发绿色和新颖的提取方法来回收生物分子。本文综述了酶辅助提取的各个方面。强调了酶在各种生物分子（如多酚、油、多糖、风味物质和色素）回收中的应用。此外，采用联用提取技术可以克服基于酶的提取的一些主要缺点，如提取时间较长和溶剂使用过度。本文还包括通过将传统方法与超声、微波、高压和超临界二氧化碳相结合来强化常规方法的技术。最后一节介绍了酶固定化作为大规模提取策略的应用。将酶固定在磁性纳米颗粒上，可以通过多次使用昂贵的酶来提高系统的运行性能，从而使它们在工业和经济上可行。
