Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Pan American Health Organization, Managua, Nicaragua.
Vaccine. 2018 Jun 14;36(25):3686-3693. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 May 7.
Nicaragua implemented an influenza vaccination program for pregnant women with high-risk obstetric conditions in 2007. In 2014, the recommendation of influenza vaccination expanded to include all pregnant women. Given the expansion in the recommendation of vaccination, we evaluated knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and their healthcare providers towards influenza vaccination and its recommendation.
We conducted surveys among pregnant women and their healthcare providers from June to August 2016 at two hospitals and 140 health facilities in Managua. The questions were adapted from the U.S. national CDC influenza survey and related to knowledge, attitudes and practices about influenza vaccination and barriers to vaccination. We analyzed reasons for not receiving vaccination among pregnant women as well as receipt of vaccination recommendation and offer by their healthcare providers.
Of 1,303 pregnant women enrolled, 42% (5 4 5) reported receiving influenza vaccination in the 2016 season. Of those who reported not receiving vaccination, 46% indicated barriers to vaccination. Pregnant women who were vaccinated were more likely to be aware of the recommendation for vaccination and the risks of influenza illness during pregnancy and to perceive the vaccine as safe and effective, compared to unvaccinated pregnant women (p-values < 0.001). Of the 619 health workers enrolled, over 89% recalled recommending influenza vaccination to all pregnant women, regardless of obstetric risk. Of the 1,223 women who had a prenatal visit between the start date of the influenza vaccination and the time of interview, 44% recalled receiving a recommendation for influenza vaccination and 43% were offered vaccination. Vaccination rates were higher for those receiving a recommendation and offer of vaccination compared with those who received neither (95% vs 5%, p-value < 0.001).
Pregnant women in Managua had positive perceptions of influenza vaccine and were receptive to receiving influenza vaccination, especially after the offer and recommendation by their healthcare providers.
尼加拉瓜于 2007 年为患有高危产科疾病的孕妇实施了流感疫苗接种计划。2014 年，扩大了流感疫苗接种的建议范围，包括所有孕妇。鉴于推荐接种的扩大，我们评估了孕妇及其医疗保健提供者对流感疫苗接种及其建议的知识、态度和做法。
我们于 2016 年 6 月至 8 月在马那瓜的两家医院和 140 家卫生机构对孕妇及其医疗保健提供者进行了调查。这些问题改编自美国疾病预防控制中心的全国流感调查，涉及有关流感疫苗接种及其推荐的知识、态度和做法以及疫苗接种障碍。我们分析了孕妇未接种疫苗的原因以及他们的医疗保健提供者接种推荐和提供疫苗的情况。
在纳入的 1303 名孕妇中，42%（545 名）报告在 2016 年流感季节接种了疫苗。在报告未接种疫苗的人群中，46%的人表示存在疫苗接种障碍。与未接种疫苗的孕妇相比，接种疫苗的孕妇更有可能了解疫苗接种的建议和流感在怀孕期间的风险，并且认为疫苗安全有效（p 值均<0.001）。在纳入的 619 名卫生工作者中，超过 89%的人回忆起向所有孕妇推荐流感疫苗接种，无论产科风险如何。在开始流感疫苗接种日期和访谈时间之间进行了产前检查的 1223 名妇女中，44%的人回忆起接受了流感疫苗接种的建议，43%的人接受了疫苗接种。与未接受建议和疫苗接种的人相比，接受建议和疫苗接种的人接种率更高（95%对 5%，p 值<0.001）。
马那瓜的孕妇对流感疫苗有积极的看法，愿意接受流感疫苗接种，尤其是在他们的医疗保健提供者提供建议和推荐后。
