Zakeri Kaveh, Coleman C Norman, Vikram Bhadrasain
Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States.
Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Front Oncol. 2018 Apr 30;8:130. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00130. eCollection 2018.
In a two-part article published in 2009, we discussed the limitations of conventional radiation therapy, the challenges of studying new technologies in radiation oncology, and summarized the state-of-the science for various malignancies (1, 2). Here, we summarize some of the most important prospective, randomized trials that during the intervening years have attempted to improve the tumor control and/or decrease the adverse effects of radiation therapy. For consistency, we have focused here on the null and alternate hypotheses as articulated by the investigators at the onset of each trial, since the outcome of the investigational treatment should be considered clinically significant only if the null hypothesis was rejected. The readers (and patients) are of course free to make their own judgments about the clinical significance of the results when the null hypothesis was not rejected.
在2009年发表的一篇分两部分的文章中，我们讨论了传统放射治疗的局限性、放射肿瘤学新技术研究面临的挑战，并总结了各种恶性肿瘤的科学现状(1, 2)。在此，我们总结了一些最重要的前瞻性随机试验，这些试验在其间的几年里试图改善肿瘤控制和/或减少放射治疗的不良反应。为保持一致性，我们在此重点关注每个试验开始时研究者阐述的原假设和备择假设，因为只有在原假设被拒绝时，研究性治疗的结果才应被视为具有临床意义。当然，当原假设未被拒绝时，读者（和患者）可以自由对结果的临床意义做出自己的判断。
